questions

• Catalyst

  A substance that increases the rate of the reaction or speeds up a reaction without being used up in that reaction. It does so by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy.
• Increasing the temperature for the reaction


  The rate of the reaction will increase but the maximum volume of gas produced will not be affected
• Dynamic equilibrium

  An equilibrium that is reached for a reversible reaction when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. The concentration of reactants and products remain constant.
• Increasing the pressure in the Haber process


  The equilibrium will shift towards the side with the lower number of moles, producing more ammonia and increasing the yield.
• Fractional distillation of crude oil


  1. Crude oil is heated and vaporized

  2. Vapors rise through a fractionating column with a temperature gradient (lower at top, higher at bottom)

  3. Different fractions are condensed and collected at different points in the column
• Flammability


  How easily a substance can be set on fire
• Number of carbon atoms in hydrocarbon chain


  Flammability of hydrocarbon
• Barium chloride test for sulfate ion


  1. Add dilute hydrochloric acid to solution, then add barium chloride solution

  2. Forms a white precipitate of barium sulfate
• why is complete combustion preferred over incomplete 


  the only product for complete are CO2 + H20 , incomplete produces CO2 and toxic gases which cause respiratory problems
• Describe test for sulfate ions 


  barium chloride and dilute hydrochloric acid which forms a white ppt
• TWO advantages of instrumental methods of analysis over experimental methods

  accurate, rapid, sensitive
• Explain how use of fuel in cars could impact the population of fish or impact aquatic ecosystems

  fuel contains sulfur in addition.to C and H

  Burning wil produce sulfur oxides
• `Name two greenhouse gases explain what they do to the atmosphere

  shorter wavelength radiation passes through atmosphere and reabsorbed by long wavelength radiation. increasing in temp
• Describe how bleaching is used to extract CU from low grade ores

  use bacteria to produce leachate solutions that contain soluble metal compounds

  metal compounds can be processed to obtain the metal

  copper can be obtained from solutions of copper compounds by displacement using electrolysis
• Thermosoftening and thermosetting 


  thermosetting plastics do not melt when heated. tend to burn resistant to high temps. used to make electrical plugs which must not melt. Thermosoftening polymers doesn't have covalent bonds so they move over each other and melt when heated