AP Psychology

Cards (61)

  • Actor-observer bias
    Phenomenon of explaining other people's behaviors are due to internal factors and our own behaviors are due to situational forces
  • Ageism
    Prejudice and discrimination toward individuals based solely on their age
  • Aggression
    Seeking to cause harm or pain to another person
  • Altruism
    Humans' desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping
  • Asch effect
    Group majority influences an individual's judgment, even when that judgment is inaccurate
  • Attitude
    Evaluations of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative
  • Attribution
    Explanation for the behavior of other people
  • Bullying
    A person, often an adolescent, being treated negatively repeatedly and over time
  • Bystander effect
    Situation in which a witness or bystander does not volunteer to help a victim or person in distress
  • Central route persuasion
    Logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument's worthiness
  • Cognitive dissonance
    Psychological discomfort that arises from a conflict in a person's behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs that runs counter to one's positive self-perception
  • Collectivist culture
    Culture that focuses on communal relationships with others such as family, friends, and community
  • Companionate love
    Type of love consisting of intimacy and commitment, but not passion; associated with close friendships and family relationships
  • Confederate
    Person who works for a researcher and is aware of the experiment, but who acts as a participant; used to manipulate social situations as part of the research design
  • Confirmation bias
    Seeking out information that supports our stereotypes while ignoring information that is inconsistent with our stereotypes
  • Conformity
    When individuals change their behavior to go along with the group even if they do not agree with the group
  • Consummate love
    Type of love occurring when intimacy, passion, and commitment are all present
  • Cyberbullying
    Repeated behavior that is intended to cause psychological or emotional harm to another person and that takes place online
  • Diffusion of responsibility
    Tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility to help is spread throughout the group
  • Discrimination
    Negative actions toward individuals as a result of their membership in a particular group
  • Dispositionism
    Describes a perspective common to personality psychologists, which asserts that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as personality traits and temperament
  • Empathy
    Capacity to understand another person's perspective—to feel what he or she feels
  • Foot-in-the-door technique

    Persuasion of one person by another person, encouraging a person to agree to a small favor, or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item
  • Fundamental attribution error

    Tendency to overemphasize internal factors as attributions for behavior and underestimate the power of the situation
  • Group polarization
    Strengthening of the original group attitude after discussing views within the group
  • Groupthink
    Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus
  • Homophily
    Tendency for people to form social networks, including friendships, marriage, business relationships, and many other types of relationships, with others who are similar
  • Homophobia
    Prejudice and discrimination against individuals based solely on their sexual orientation
  • Hostile aggression
    Aggression motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain
  • In-group
    Group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to
  • In-group bias
    Preference for our own group over other groups
  • Informational social influence
    Conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information
  • Instrumental aggression
    Aggression motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain
  • Internal factor
    Internal attribute of a person, such as personality traits or temperament
  • Just-world hypothesis
    Ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve
  • Normative social influence
    Conformity to a group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group
  • Obedience
    Change of behavior to please an authority figure or to avoid aversive consequences
  • Out-group
    Group that we don't belong to—one that we view as fundamentally different from us
  • Peripheral route persuasion
    One person persuades another person; an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues (such as positive emotions and celebrity endorsement) to associate positivity with a message
  • Persuasion
    Process of changing our attitude toward something based on some form of communication