Final Revie

• Challenges faced by early presidents (Adams, Jefferson, Madison)

  • Domestic affairs
  • Foreign affairs
• Effects of Industrial Revolution on Northern and Southern economies


  • North was more Industrial
  • South had more cotton production because of Cotton gin
• Cotton gin


  Removed seeds from cotton plants and allowed more money as cotton became more demanding
• Use of cotton gin

  Increased slavery because it allowed more production
• Significance of Election of 1824


  Quincy Adams won but Jackson was more popular and had more electoral votes. The house of representatives made this decision.
• Indian Removal Act


  Cherokees were upset because they were being pushed out of their own homes and land with no valid reason. Jackson also disobeyed the supreme court's ruling.
• Trail of Tears


  Many Cherokees died because they were being forced to go into the harsh weather to get out of the land.
• Andrew Jackson's effectiveness as president


  Effective - He made sure that South Carolina's did not secede the country. Ineffective - He pushed the Cherokees out of their own land.
• Reasons for westward expansion in mid 19th century

  • Gold found in California
  • Manifest Destiny
• Causes of Mexican-American War


  • Dispute of where the Mexico America border was
  • Annexation of Texas (caused border dispute)
• Effects of Mexican-American War

  • Added many new states (California)
  • Mexico was forced to give the Mexican Cession
  • United States agreed to pay Mexico 15 million dollars
• Arguments for and against annexation of Texas

  • Support - Land, Americans and Texans had similar ideas, Texas People had determination, Added many new states
  • Against - More political power in south, Mexico was forced to give the Mexican Cession, United States agreed to pay Mexico 15 million dollars
• Territorial acquisitions from the mid 19th century (Manifest Destiny)
• Abolitionist


  People who are anti-slavery, they wrote books, lectures, speeches and violence to promote anti-slavery.
• Fugitive Slave Act


  If a slave escaped to free states their owners were allowed to claim them. Northerners were angry because they felt they had less power. Southerners felt happy because they could get their slaves back.
• Terms of Missouri Compromise

  • Missouri entered as a slave state, Maine as a free state and Slavery Banned North 35, 30 parallel
• Terms of Compromise of 1850

  • California became a free state
  • Popular Sovereignty means the people of Utah and New Mexico decide if the states were free or not
  • Created the Fugitive Slave law which is when even if a slave escapes to the free territory They can be arrested and returned to their master
• Kansas-Nebraska Act


  Repealed the Missouri Compromise, Created two new territories, And allowed for popular sovereignty, Angered Northerners
• Popular sovereignty


  Voting on if your state was free or a slave state, force people to choose and could cause violence or sectionalism.
• Dred Scott case and Supreme Court's ruling


  • Dread Scott moved to Illinois where he was technically a free man so he sued his Master. Missouri Compromise - Because slaves were property the court ruled that the other act of Congress that prohibits slavery was unconstitutional. Slave - People who were enslaved are a separate class of people this means they are not citizens thus, they do not have the same rights of citizens.
• John Brown's involvement


  • In Kansas he led a group of people and attacked a federal arsenal. In Virginia he led a slave revolt. The North was happy because anti-slavery was being supported and the South was not happy because they were pro slavery.
• Underground Railroad


  Safe houses used to help slaves escape to the North and Canada. Meaning, if they were to escape they would still have to be cautious and in fear of being recaptured.
• Strengths and weaknesses of North and South leading to Civil War

  • South Strengths - More Military Experiences, Land. South Weaknesses - Less Men, Less Supplies, Less Industry. North Strengths - Factories, More men/supplies. North Weaknesses - Less Experience, Less Patriotism
• Significance of major battles

  • Fort Sumter - The forts were controlled by the Union but located in Confederacy Territory. Lincoln wanted to send supplies for men at the fort and the South forced the fort's to surrender. Bull Run - The Union wanted to attack Richmond the Confederate Capital but the Confederacy won and Lincoln realized it was not going to be a quick war. Antietam - Fought on a hill in Maryland, where the South thought if they got a win on Union soil they would be afraid but the South retreated and it was considered as a Union win though, they had more casualties.
• Emancipation Proclamation


  To change the goal of the war not to just unite the country but as well as to free the slaves. The abolitionists were happy and some soldiers were upset because this is not what they were fighting for.
• Border state


  States that were in the middle of the war who never left America but did not participate in war.
• Union and Confederate goals for the Civil War

  • Union - End Slavery, Unify the country. Confederate - Keep Slavery, Expand Slavery
• 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments and their impact

  • 13th - End Slavery. 14th - Anyone born in The United States is a citizen. (African Americans are legally citizens.) 15th - Allowed any man to vote
• Jim Crow Laws, poll taxes, literacy tests, and the KKK

  • Jim Crow Laws - To keep races separate such as schools, restaurants and many other interactions. Poll Taxes - Had to pay a fee to vote. Literacy Tests - Had to pass a test in order to vote. Ku Klux Klan - White supremacist group that used fear and violence to terrorize African Americans.