Types of LTM

• Tulving 1985. The MSM is too simple, we must have more than one LTM. 3 types: episodic memory, procedural memory, semantic memory.
• Tulving 1985 LTM episodic memory - time stamped memories of personal events and experiences. always being added to as we go through important episodes of our lives.

  eg - remembering a holiday
• Tulving 1985 LTM procedural memory - memory of how we do “things” that are complex skills. They are recalled without conscious effort. They are often hard to explain.

  eg - remembering how to ride a bike
• Tulving 1985 LTM semantic memory - memories for facts and general knowledge, the meaning of everything we know. It is constantly being added to as we learn new concepts. An encyclopaedia.

  eg — knowing elephants have trunks
• Tulving 1985 LTM AO3. Clive Wearing is evidence for the existence of multiple LTM stores. His semantic memory abilities are in tact, unlike his episodic memory. One store can be damaged while another is unaffected, so not only are these types of memory different, they are also stored in different parts of the brain.
• Procedural and semantic/episodic memories are distinguishable. HM is a patient that had his hippocampus destroyed due to severe epilepsy. He could still form new procedural memories but not episodic or semantic memories. For example, he learnt how to draw figures through the reflection of a mirror, a skill called “mirror-drawing”. He remembered how to do it (procedural memory) but not when he actually learnt (episodic). This proves the existence of different kinds of LTMs.
• Tulving 1985 LTM AO3. Being able to identify different parts of the LTM has allowed psychologists to target certain kinds of memory to better people’s lives and enabling treatments to be developed. This shows that the different areas of the LTM have led to positive outcomes.