4th Quarter

• Internal Narrator 


  This narrative point of view allows for a very personal touch in the story telling.
• Omniscient Narrator 


  the narrator is not a character in the story but knows everything about the story
• Limited Narrator


  (External Subjective Narrator) the narrator is not a character in the story but looks at things only through the eyes of a single character
• Setting


  the time, the geographical locations, and the general environment and circumstances that prevail in a narrative. The setting helps to establish the mood of a story.
• Integral Setting


  the setting is fully described in both time and place, usually found in historical fiction.
• Backdrop Setting


  the setting is vague and general, which helps to convey a universal, timeless tale.
• Plot


  the structure of the action of a story.
• Plot 3 Main Parts

  Rising Action, Climax, and Falling Action
• Linear


  plot is constructed logically and not by coincidence.
• 3 Majors parts of a linear plot

  Beginning, Middle, and End
• Beginning


  the characters and setting are introduced, and the central conflict/problem of the story is revealed. Usually the main character sets a goal to overcome the conflict/problem, or s/he may set a goal that creates a conflict/problem.
• Middle


  the main character participates in a series of events or attempts to reach the goal that leads to a resolution of the conflict/problem.
• End


  the main character may or may not reach his/her goal, thus resolving the conflict/problem
• Episodic


  one incident or short episode is linked to another by common characters or a unified theme
• Protagonist


  the central figure with whom we usually sympathize or identify
• Antagonist


  the figure who opposes the protagonist and creates the conflict
• Flat Characters


  also known as stock, static, or stereotypes. They have no depth and no change; we only see one side or aspect of them.
• Round Characters


  also known as dynamic. They have more fully developed personalities.
• Theme


  It is the central topic a text treats
• Verbal Irony


  This is the contrast between what is said and what is meant. In other words, sarcasm.

   
• Dramatic Irony


  This is the contrast between what the character thinks to be true and what we know to be true
• Tragic Irony


  a character who is about to become a victim of disaster uses words that have one meaning to him and quite another to the spectator or those who are aware of the real situation
• Situational Irony


  This is the most common in literature. It is the contrast between what happens and what was expected
• Symbolism


  A character, an action, a setting, or an object representing something else can be a symbol.
• Flashback


  This is a writers’ technique in which the author interrupts the plot of the story to recreate an incident of an earlier time.
• Foreshadowing


  This is a writers’ technique in which the author provides clues or hints as to what is going to happen later in the story
• Drama


  Any story told in dialogue form told by actors. Dramatic works include TV shows, live plays, and movies.
• Characters


  as with all literature, drama includes main characters, minor characters, round or dynamic characters, flat and round characters, protagonists, antagonists, and foils.
• Dialogue


  conversation between characters.
• Monologue


  a long uninterrupted speech that reveals the speaker's thoughts and feelings.
• Soliloquy


  a long uninterrupted speech in which the character is alone on stage.
• Aside


  a short speech to the audience that the characters cannot hear.
• Stage Directions


  printed in italics or in parentheses, stage directions provide information on setting and how the play should be performed.
• Tenner


  A one-act play between 10-40 pages long