Comp Archi

• These first-generation computers relied on "machine language"
• These computers were limited to solving one problem at a time. The input was based on punched cards and paper tape
• Output came out on print-outs.
• The two notable machines are the UNIVAC and ENIAC which is the first ever commercial computer which was purchased in 1951 by a business - the US Census Bureau.
• List down the First Generation Computers

  • ENIAC
  • UNIVAC
  • IBM-701
• List down second-generation computers

  • IBM 1620
  • CDC 1604
  • CDC 3600
• Third Generation Computers were now being miniaturized and put on silicon chips also known as semiconductors
• List down the Third Generation Computers

  • IBM-360
  • Honeywell-6000
  • PDP (Personal Data Processor)
• Fourth Generation Computers used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. VLSI circuits having about 5000 transistors.
• List down the Fourth Generation computers

  • DEC 10
  • STAR 1000
  • PDP 11
  • CRAY-1
  • CRAY-X-MP
• Fifth Generation computers uses Artificial Intelligence such as voice recognition
• AI is a reality made possible by using parallel processing and superconductors.
• List down Fifth Generation Computers

  • Desktop
  • Laptop
  • Notebook
  • UltraBook
  • Chromebook
• First Generation (1940-1956)

  Keyword: Vacuum Tubes
• Second Generation (1956-1963)

  • Key Tech: Transistors
• Third Generation (1964-1971)

  • Key Tech: Integrated Circuits (ICs)
• Fourth Generation (1971-Present)

  • Key Tech: Microprocessors
• Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond)

  • Key Tech: Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and logical operations.
• Control Unit (CU): Directs operations of the processor by telling the ALU, memory, and input/output devices how to respond to the program instructions.
• Registers: Small, fast storage locations within the CPU used to hold data temporarily during processing.
• Primary Memory (Volatile)
• Secondary Memory (Non-Volatile)
• DDR (Double Data Rate)
• SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)
• Cache: Larger than registers but smaller and faster than RAM.
• Registers: Fastest, smallest capacity, used within the CPU.
• RAM: Larger than cache, used for active processes and data.