Education

• Patriarchy - a society run by men
• Material deprivation - do not have the materials to learn , eg electronics, also living in poverty
• Tony sewell 1997

  argues that peer group pressure i s very intentional among young African - Caribbean boys
• Traditionally students from Asain backgrounds get the highest results
• High income homes can afford additional tuition, equipment, computer access space and housing = better learning conditions
• Halsley 1980

  found that material factors are more important than cultural in a child's decision to stay in education or not.
• Douglas

  Working class parents are less likely to attend school meetings
• Dianne reay 1998

  found that on average mothers understand the school system more therefore help the child to succeed more academically.
• Language codes

  Restricted - using English language as slang

  elaborate - using formal English and having a wide vocabulary
• Social structures - the invisible structures that exist in society such as social stratification, ethnicity and gender
• Verbal appellation - the use of language to label children in a way that reinforces appropriate gender identification
• political party


  A group of people who have views about the world that the similar. Examples include: the Labour Party, the conservatives and the liberal democrats
• • Plagiarism

  • Copying someone else's work and presenting it as your own
• • Peer group
  • People around you, your equals are your peer group
• • Ladettes
  • Young women who act like boys and so hard drinking and violence
• • hidden curriculum
- the informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught in school
• internal processing:

  setting - more lower class students put into lower sets

  negative labeling / self fulfilling prophecies.
• internal processing : Willis - anti school subculture

  • subculture of 'having a laugh'
  • seeing learning as 'unmanly'
  • subculture prepared the boys for working class manual jobs eg plumbers, thus serving capitalism
• What is a comprehensive school?

  A type of school introduced in 1965 where all students are educated together regardless of ability.
• What does the correspondence principle refer to in education?


  Schools reflect the workplace and prepare children for capitalist life through learning routine and obedience.
• What is cultural capital?

  The skills and knowledge middle-class parents have that give their children an advantage in education.
• What is deschooling according to Illich?

  An alternative form of education where formal schools are replaced by methods like homeschooling.
• What is an ethnocentric curriculum?

  A curriculum that focuses on a particular ethnicity.
• What is the formal curriculum?

  The subjects and topics that are directly taught in schools.
• What is further education?

  Education after the compulsory level.
• What does the gendered curriculum refer to?

  How stereotypes and expectations about gender are promoted through both the formal and hidden curriculum.
• What is the hidden curriculum?

  Things that are indirectly learned in school, such as competition.
• What does labelling mean in an educational context?

  Attaching a name or trait to a person or group, often based on a stereotype.
• What is material deprivation?

  When students lack the money and resources needed to succeed.
• What is meritocracy?

  The belief that all students have an equal chance in education based on ability and effort.
• What are selective schools?

  Schools where students are selected based on criteria such as academic ability or religion.
• What is social capital?

  The networks of relationships and contacts that middle-class parents have to help pupils succeed.
• What is social cohesion?

  When individuals in society are brought together and share the same norms and values.
• What is social mobility?

  Movement up the social ladder, such as from working class to middle class.
• What does vocationalism refer to in education?

  Education focused on practical or technical skills aimed at a certain job or career.
• What are the main sociological views of education?

  • Functionalist: Education prepares individuals for work and creates a stable society.
  • Marxist: Education maintains the class divide and benefits the middle classes.
  • Feminist: Education transmits patriarchal values and maintains the gender divide.
• According to Durkheim, what is the role of education in society?

  Education transmits shared norms and values, promoting social cohesion.
• What does Parsons argue about the role of education?

  Education acts as a bridge between family and society, judging children by universalistic standards.
• What is the Marxist view of education according to Bowles and Gintis?

  Education reflects the workplace and prepares students to accept authority and hierarchy.
• What did Willis find in his study of working-class boys?

  They formed a counter school subculture that prepared them for unskilled jobs.