Micro 1

• Public Health Response


  1. Preparedness and Planning: Developing and implementing plans to detect and respond to bioterrorism events

  2. Surveillance and Detection: Monitoring for unusual disease patterns and rapid identification of biological threats

  3. Response and Containment: Implementing quarantine, vaccination, and decontamination measures; providing medical care and prophylaxis

  4. Communication: Informing the public and healthcare providers about the threat and the necessary actions

  5. Research and Development: Creating vaccines, treatments, and diagnostic tools to mitigate the effects of bioterrorism agents
• Agents Involved:

  • Bacillus anthracis (causes Anthrax)

  • Yersinia pestis (causes Plague)

  • Variola virus (causes Smallpox)

  • Clostridium botulinum toxin (causes Botulism)

  • Francisella tularensis (causes Tularemia)

  • Ebola virus and other hemorrhagic fever viruses
• Bioterrorism:

  The use of biological agents to intentionally cause disease or death in people, animals, or plants. This can disrupt societies and economies and create fear.
• 3. The Germ Theory of Disease

  Main Scientists:

  • Louis Pasteur: Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air and can contaminate sterile solutions, disproving the theory of spontaneous generation.

  • Robert Koch: Developed Koch’s postulates, a series of principles linking specific microorganisms to specific diseases.
• Germ Theory of Disease:

  The theory states that specific diseases are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms. This was a groundbreaking concept that led to the development of modern microbiology and medicine, emphasizing the importance of hygiene, sterilization, and antibiotics.
• 1. Drawing Bacterial Shapes

  Cocci (spherical):

  • Diplo-: Pairs of cocci (e.g., Diplococci)

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  • Strepto-: Chains of cocci (e.g., Streptococci)

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  • Staphylo-: Clusters of cocci, resembling a bunch of grapes (e.g., Staphylococci)

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  Bacilli (rod-shaped):

  • Diplo-: Pairs of bacilli (e.g., Diplobacilli)

  ---- ----

  • Strepto-: Chains of bacilli (e.g., Streptobacilli)

  ---- ---- ----

  Spirochete (spiral-shaped):

  ~~~~~~
• 2. Drawing a Bacterial Cell and Labeling the Parts

  
• 2. Drawing a Bacterial Cell and Labeling the Parts

  
• Coccus - spherical

  
• Bacteria and their shapes

  
• Bacteria and their shapes

  
• Staphylococci - grape like clusters of

  
• Streptococci - Long chains of cocci (streptococci) result when cells adhere after repeated divisions in one plane

  
• Single bacillus and Diplobacilli - These are not arranged in patterns as complex as cocci;  most occur singly or in pairs (diplobacilli). But some species, such as Bacillus subtilis, form chains (streptobacilli); others, such as Beggiatoa and Saprospira species, form trichomes (which are similar to chains but have a much larger area of contact between the adjacent cells). Bacilli - rods Diplo - two or a pair

  
• Streptobacilli - rod chains Strepto - Chains Bacilli - rods

  
• Shapes of Bacteria

  
• Shapes of Bacteria

  
• Parts of a bacterial cell labeled

  
• Part of bacterial cell labeled

  
• Bacilli - rods

  
• spirochete - spiral shaped