Used for one-off items produced by skilled workers
Each product can take a long time to make, so fewer products are made in a given time period compared to other production methods, meaning productivity is lower
Skilled workers will need to be paid higher wages than unskilled workers, which increases costs
Firm uses job production
Less able to take advantage of economies of scale
Unit costs can be high due to the product not being made in bulk
Unit costs are high
Firm needs to charge higher prices for its products
Customers are often willing to pay higher prices for a product that is unique or handmade