pysics paper 2

Created by

maddie

Cards (58)

what are the different parts of a wave?
peak, amplitude, wavelength, trough, rest postition,
how do you calculate the time period of a wave
time period = 1 divided by frequency
how do you calculate wave speed
wave speed = frequency x wavelength
what travels faster though air light or sound
light
how can you calculate the speed of a sound
speed of sound = distance divided by time
what is a ripple tank
a transparent shallow tray of water with a light shining down through it onto white card below to clearly see the motion of the ripples created on the waters surface
what is a longitudinal wave
a wave that moves in the same direction as the direction in which particles are vibrating
give an example of a longitudinal wave
sound waves, ultrasound waves
how do longitudinal waves show areas of compression
the particles in areas of compression are closer together than on average
how do longitudinal waves show areas of rarefraction 
the particles in areas of rarefraction are further apart than on average
what is a transverse wave 
a wave that moves in a direction at right angles to the way in which the particles are vibrating
give an example of a transverse wave
ripples on water, vibrations in a guitar string, a mexican wave, electromagnetic waves
what is an electromagnetic (EM) wave
a transverse wave caused by oscillations in an electromagnetic field
what are oscillations 
repeated and regular fluctuations above and below the same position (like a vibration)
how do EM waves transfer energy
energy is transferred as radiation from its source
EM waves ca travel through a vacuum what is a vacuum
a volume that contains no matter (particles) such as space
what is the speed of EM waves
300 million meters per second
what is the order of the EM spectrum left to right
radio waves, microwaves, infrared (IR), visible light, ultraviolet (UV), x-rays and gamma rays
what is the wavelength of a wave 
the length of a single wave, measured from one wave peak to the next
what is the frequency of a wave
the number of waves produced each second
what are the units of frequency
hertz (HZ)
what happens to wavelength as you move from left to right on the EM spectrum
wavelength decreases ( radio waves have the longest and gamma rays have the shortest
what happens to the frequency as you move from left to right on the EM spectrum
frequency increases ( radio waves have the lowest frequency and gamma rays have the highest)
what happens to energy as you move from left to right on the EM spectrum
energy increases ( radio waves have lowest energy and gamma rays have the highest
what are radio waves used for 
communication such as TV and radio
how can radio waves be produced 
by oscillations in electrical circuits
what are microwaves used for
cooking food and satellite communications
how do microwaves heat up food
molecules inside food absorb high frequency microwaves which causes them to heat up
what is infrared (IR) used for
electrical heaters , cookers for cooking food and IR cameras to detect people in the dark
what is visible light used for
fibre- optic communications
what is ultraviolent (UV) used for
fluorescent substances are used in energy-efficient lamps, which absorbs UV light produced inside the lamp and re-emit the energy as visible light
how can gamma rays be produced
by changes in the nucleus of an atom
what type of radiation are gamma rays known as
nuclear radiation
why are x-rays and gamma rays useful for internal imaging
they are high energy waves that can transmit (pass through) body tissues with little absoption
why can x-rays identify broken bones
x-rays are absorbed by dense structures, such as bones
what type of radiation are UV, x-rays and gammas rays knows as
ionising radiation
what is ionising radiation 
radiation that can remove electrons from atoms or molecules to produce postively charged particles called ions
how can UV waves damage the body
they can cause skin to age prematurely and increase the risk of skin cancer
how can x-rays and gamma rays damage the body
they can cause genes to mutate which can lead to cancer
what is a radiation dose
a measure of the risk of harm caused by exposing the body to ionising radiation