how to prove the delocalised structure of a benzene ring

• what is the composition and structure of benzene?

  Benzene is a ringed, aromatic hydrocarbon with 6 carbon atoms and 6 hydrogen atoms. The 6 carbon atoms are arranged in a planar hexagonal ring.
• how are the carbon atoms in a benzene ring bonded?

  Each carbon atom in benzene is bonded to two other carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom. The shape around each carbon atom is trigonal planar with a bond angle of 120 degrees.
• Describe the electron configuration of each carbon atom in a benzene ring?

  Each carbon atom has 4 outer shell electrons. Three of these electrons form sigma bonds by direct overlap with orbitals of two other carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom. The fourth electron is in a p orbital above and below the plane of carbon atoms.
• what is the significance of sigma bonds for benzene?

  Sigma bonds are the three bonds in the plane of the carbon atoms in benzene, formed by the direct overlap of orbitals between two carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom.
• explain the role of p orbitals in benzene?

  The electron in a p orbital of each carbon atom overlaps sideways with the p electrons of adjacent carbon atoms, creating a ring of electron density above and below the plane of the carbon atoms.
• What is the significance of the sidewys overlap of p orbitals in benzene?

  This sideways overlap produces a system of pi bonds that spread over all 6 carbon atoms, resulting in the p electrons being delocalised over the entire ring rather than being held between two carbon atoms.
• What is meant by delocalised electrons in the context of benzene?

  In benzene, delocalised electrons refer to the p electrons that are spread over the entire ring, forming a system of pi bonds rather than being confined between individual pairs of carbon atoms.