Task and general

• .com


  Indicates a website or online resource
• me Research Fe France.
• GAGE Affects The external environment
• External environment


  Includes all the outside elements that affect the organisation
• Types of external environment

  • General environment
  • Task environment
  • Organisational ecosystem
• General environment


  Affects organisations indirectly
• Task environment


  Sectors that conduct transactions with the organisation
• Organisational ecosystem


  Formed by the interaction among a community of organisations in the environment
• Internal environment


  Elements within the organization boundaries
• Dimensions of the general environment

  • Technological
  • Natural
  • Socio-Cultural
  • Economic
  • Legal Political
  • International
• Elements of the task environment

  • Customers
  • Competitors
  • Suppliers
  • Labour market
• Technological dimension


  Includes IT systems infrastructure, broadband Internet
• Socio-Cultural dimension


  Includes population demographics, education system, health/nutrition values
• Economic dimension


  Includes overall health of economy, income levels, unemployment rate
• Legal-Political dimension


  Includes laws, regulations, business forms, political trends
• Natural dimension


  Includes plants, animals, rocks, resources like air, water, climate
• International dimension


  Includes events originating in foreign countries, competitors, customers, suppliers from other countries
• Customers


  Those people and organisations that acquire goods or services from the organisation
• Competitors


  Organizations in the same industry that provide goods and services to the same type of customers
• Suppliers


  Provide raw materials that the organisation uses to produce its output
• Labour market


  Represents people in the environment who can be hired to work for the organisation
• Environmental uncertainty


  Managers do not have sufficient information about environmental factors to understand and predict environmental needs and changes
• Strategic issues


  Events or forces either inside or outside an organisation that are likely to alter its ability to achieve its objectives
• Strategic issue strategies


  1. Boundary spanning

  2. Interorganizational roles

  3. Mergers and joint ventures
• Boundary spanning roles


  Link to and co-ordinate the organisation with key elements in the external environment, detect and process information about changes in the environment, represent the organisation's interests to the environment
• Interorganizational partnerships


  Reduce boundaries and increase collaboration with other organisations
• Mergers


  When two or more organizations combine to become one
• Joint ventures


  A strategic alliance or programme creating a legal business entity by two or more organisations
• Internal environment


  Includes corporate culture, production technology, organisational structure, physical facilities