Living Env Cheatsheet Flashcards

• The diagram to the right is a plant cell because it has chloroplasts, a cell wall and large vacuoles

  
• Only animal cells have centrioles to help the cell divide but plant cells do not
• Multicellular organisms use organs to carry out life functions
• Single celled organisms use organelles to carry out life functions
• Homeostasis and dynamic equilibrium


  Keeping everything in balance
• Ribosomes are very small and cannot be seen with our microscopes
• The mitochondria is where respiration happens
• Respiration makes energy AKA:ATP
• Chloroplasts have chlorophyll and are where photosynthesis happens
• The nucleus stores genetic information (DNA)
• The cell membrane allows materials to move in and out of the cell and allows cells to communicate with one another
• Organic molecules


  Have carbon. Examples: carbon dioxide, Glucose, amino acids, proteins, starches
• Inorganic molecules


  Do not have carbon. Examples: water, oxygen
• Photosynthesis


  Taking in carbon dioxide and water and making glucose and oxygen
• Respiration


  Taking in oxygen and glucose and making energy and carbon dioxide
• Yeast mixed with sugar will perform respiration and produce carbon dioxide bubbles
• Total magnification of a microscope


  Multiply the magnification of the eyepiece with one of the objective lenses
• Diaphragm of the microscope


  Controls the amount of light passing through the object
• When you switch from low power to high power


  The object viewed appears larger and darker
• When you switch from low power to high power

  The field of view decreases
• Paper chromatography is used to separate pigments
• The smaller pigments travel the farthest in paper chromatography
• The cell membrane exchanges gases just like the lungs and respiratory system in larger organisms
• Diffusion and Osmosis do not need energy
• Osmosis


  The movement of water only
• Passive transport


  Goes from high to low naturally (without energy)
• Active transport


  Goes against nature from low to high so it needs energy
• AIDS and HIV weaken the immune system
• Stomates


  The openings or pores in the leaf. Guard cells open and close the stomates. This is to control gas exchange and to prevent water from being lost. AKA: to maintain homeostasis
• Small molecules can diffuse through a cell membrane. Examples are: oxygen, water, glucose, Starch Indicator solution
• Large molecules cannot diffuse through a cell membrane. Examples are: proteins, starches, salt
• The immune system protects your body from infection
• Vaccines are made of weakened or dead viruses
• When you get sick or receive a vaccination, your body recognizes the antigens from the bacteria or virus and makes antibodies (white blood cells) to protect your body and fight off infection
• Antigens and pathogens


  The same types of organisms
• Allergic reaction


  When the body sees something harmless and thinks that it is an antigen and produces antibodies and histamine
• Antibiotics


  Medicine…your body does not make antibiotics. Your body makes antibodies
• Cells communicate with receptor molecules
• Receptor molecules have to be the same shape as the hormone
• Blood drops off carbon dioxide at the lungs and picks up oxygen