unit 1

• Emotional development 


  changes in how individuals experience different feelings and how they are expressed, interpreted and dealt with
• Cognitive development 


  changes in an individual's mental abilities such as reasoning, decision making
• Social development 


  involves changes in individual's relationships with others and their interaction skills
• Developmental norms 


  shows the typical characteristics or abilities and expected levels of achievement associated with a particular age or stage of developement
• Hereditary ( nature)


  the transmission of characteristics from biological parents to their offspring via genes at the time of conception
• Environmental (nuture)


  refers to all experiences, objects or events to which we are exposed to throughout our entire life
• What is the biopsychosocial model

  approach to describing and explaining the psychological development and wellbeing through biological, psychological or social factors
• Psychological response 


  bodily changes that occur when we experience emotions
• Subjective feelings 


  refers to the inner, personal experience of an emotion
• expressive behaviour 


  facial expression which communicate emotions
• What is an emotion 


  emotion is a complex reaction to a significant event or matter that involves a mixture of physiological responses, subjective feelings and expressive behaviour
• What is the Strange situation

  a standardised test for measuring he attachment relationship between a child and parent
• Stranger anxiety 


  refers to the distress and uneasiness experienced by young children when they are around people who are unfamiliar to the,
• Separation anxiety 


  distress and uneasiness when away from the person or people who they are attached to
• Secure attachment 


  had balanced between dependence and exploration
• Insecure avoidant attachment


  Infant does not seek closeness or comfort from caregiver and treats them like a stranger
• Insecure resistant attachment 


  Infant is anxious even with caregiver and get upset when separated but squirms when together, not sure of what they want
• Disorganised attachment 


  a form of insecure attachment in which infants show inconsistent or odd behaviour during separation and reunion with caregiver
• Adaptation 


  involves taking in, processing, organising and using new information in was which enables us to adjust to changes in environment
• Assimilation 


  the process of taking in new information and making it part of a pre-existing mental idea about an object or experience
• Accommodation


  involves changing a pre exisiting mental idea in order to fit new information
• What is the difference between accommodation and assimilation

  assimilation is used to fit new information without changing the pre existing idea but accommodation involves changing the pre existing idea so that new information may be included
• Schema 


  a mental idea of what something is and how to act on it
• What is typical behaviour

  behaviour that would usually "typically" occur and is appropriate and expected in a given situation
• What is atypical behaviour?


  behaviour that is not typical and differs from what is expected in a given situation
• neurotypicality 


  those who's neurological development and cognitive functioning are typical to what most would consider to be normal in a general population
• neurodiversity 


  people who's neurological development and cognitive function are atypical ( not normal)
• cultural perspectives 


  the influence of society and community on one's thoughts
• What is personal distress?

  when a person is distressed and extremely upset and suffering emotionally
• maladaptive behaviour 


  behaviour that interferes with a person's ability to adapt to their environment ( eg phobias, OCD)
• adaptive behaviour 


  any behaviour that enables the individual to adjust to the environment appropriately
• What is the Sensorimotor stage?

  The first stage from about 2 years of age where infants explore and learn bout the world thought their senses and motor activities
• What is the pre operational stage?


  Piagets stage of cognitive development where the children ages 2-7 use symbols to represent objects but lack logical reasoning
• Formal operational stage


  Children learn more sophisticated rules of logic and they also learn to understand how abstracts concepts work and how to solve problems
• what is nature vs nurture


  A debate where psychologists debated whether it was heredity or environment that determined how we develop