Js

• Sisku


  Jewish community
• Establishment of the Haganah, the Jewish paramilitary organisation in Palestine, before the creation of the state of Israel in 1948
• Haganah was an elite fighting force in Palestine from 1920-1949. In 2014 it became the IDF (Israel Defense Forces)
• Lehi


  Jewish paramilitary organisation funded by Avraham Stern in 1940, also known as the Stern Gang
• Zionism


  The belief in and support for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in the land of Israel
• Chalutzim


  Group of Jewish pioneers who worked in agriculture
• Nakba


  Arabic term referring to the exodus of Palestinians during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war
• Green Line


  The border marking the boundaries of the land of Israel
• Kahal


  The local governing body of a former European Jewish community, administrating religious, legal, and communal affairs
• Aliyah


  Immigration of the Jews from the diaspora to Israel, meaning "to ascend"
• Names of the land of Israel

  • Judea
  • Eretz Yisrael
  • Ha'aretz
  • Zion
• The Balfour Declaration was a British government agreement in 1917 that established a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine, but did not violate the rights of non-Jews
• The McMahon-Hussein Correspondences were Arab-British agreements in 1916 for an independent Arab state
• Land purchase in Palestine

  • Purchased to 'build up' Jewish infrastructure
  • Purchased from absentee landlords outside of the land
  • Jerusalem was mixed and not divided
  • Jews who lived continuously in the land were culturally Arab and could hold political offices
• The Ottoman parliament refused to mediate, causing tension to rise between Jews and Arabs
• The White Paper of 1939 rejected the Peel Commission and restricted Jewish migration to Palestine for 10 years
• The 1929 Arab riots were a response to the growing Jewish presence and land purchases in Palestine
• The Peel Commission in 1937 proposed to abolish the mandate and partition Palestine between the two peoples
• The White Paper of 1930 was issued following the findings of the Shaw Commission on the causes of the 1929 Arab riots, and limited Jewish migration
• Resolution 181(II) of the UN General Assembly in 1947 decided to partition Palestine into two states, one Jewish and one Arab, with Jerusalem under special international regime
• The 1948 Arab-Israeli war, known as the War of Independence or Nakba, resulted in around 700,000 Palestinians fleeing or being expelled from their homes
• The Jewish narrative emphasizes the establishment of a Jewish homeland and self-defence, while the Palestinian narrative focuses on the displacement and dispossession of Palestinians
• The pre-war Jewish communities in Europe were diverse, with Eastern European Jews being less assimilated and more likely to participate in political life, while Western European Jews were more assimilated
• Both Jewish communities in Eastern and Western Europe faced anti-Semitism, but to differing degrees