UK challenges

• What is the Uk population?

  67 million and it continues to grow
• yield 


  the amount of crops per unit
• subsidies 


  grants to lower the coasts of production
• Agribusiness was introduced in the 1950s
• How do combine harvesters increases yield?

  The advances technology in combine harvesters minimises the grain loss during harvesting
• Economy of scale 


  savings due to the expanding size of farms
• During the war combine harvesters were imported from America
• brownfield site 


  An area of land that has been built on before and can be regenerated for new construction
• Greenfield site 


  An area of land that has not been built upon before
• Net migration 


  The number of people entering a country minus the number of people living again
• two speed economy 


  the separation between the north and south of the UK
• 15 national parks in the UK
• The first National Parks in the Uk were set up in 1951
• Why were national parks created?

  In order to protect areas of beautiful countryside, cultural heritage, wildlife and habitat
• National parks are mostly privately owned
• Mitigation 


  slowing down climate change (less carbon emissions and more carbon sinks)
• adaption 


  coping with climate change (rivers/coast; hard/soft engineering)
• The population growth will put a strain on the UK's ressources
• The increase of population will lead to increase in food production. This can lead to the growth in agribusiness
• Agribusiness could lead to the reduction of natural habitat, for example the destruction of hedgerows
• negatives of Green belt land

  It destroys open spaces and affects habitats through surface runoff and erosion. New housing can be built on floodplains, so flood risk is increased
• Ways to make transport more sustainable 


  
  

  • improving public transport systems
  • creating more cycle routes and highways
  • car-sharing schemes
  • The use of reduced, or zero emission vehicles
• How will improving public transport systems help?

  It will encourage people to use these instead of their own car
• How will creating more cycle routes or highways systems help?

  encouraging people to use a bicycle instead of a car
• How will car-sharing schemes help?

  These will help, because it reduces the number go cars on the road and fuel being used, which reduces pollution
• How will using reduced or zero emission vehicles help?

  It reduces the impact of the vehicle on the air quality
• two speed economy 


  the separation between the north and the south of the Uk
• London and the south east of England are experiencing significant higher and faster economic growth than the Northern parts of England, Scotland, western England and wales
• Options between bridging the gap

  • HS2
  • investing in better transport infrastructure in the North of the UK
• Green belt land


  land on the edge of urban areas that is protected from development
• Advantages of Greenfield sites

  • relatively cheap
  • rates of housing building are faster
  • the layout is not hampered by previous development, so it can easily be made pleasant and there is a healthier environment
• Disadvantages of Greenfield sites:

  • There is a farm or recreational loss
  • There is a threat to wildlife as their habitats are lost or disturbed, due to more noise and light pollution
• Advantages of Brownfield sites

  • reduction of the loss of the countryside and land that might be put to agriculture or recreational use.
  • helps revive old and disused urban areas
  • services such as water, electricity and gas are already in place
• Disadvantages of Brownfield sites:

  
  

  • more expensive
  • old buildings have to be cleared, and the land of pollutants
  • They are sometimes surrounded by rundown areas
  • Higher levels of pollution are less healthy
• Migration statistics may be unreliable, because they do not usually include people entering the country illegally, and may miss people who have left the UK.
• Stakeholders have different values and attitudes towards UK migration.
• businesses may appreciate the influx of workers, and young migrants help to balance the UK’s ageing population.
• The National Parks aim for sustainable development, balancing meeting the needs of residents and visitors with conserving landscapes and habitats.
• About 330,000 UK properties are at risk of flooding today, increasing to between 630,000 and 1.2 million by 2080.
• The increased flood hazard from rivers and flash flooding results from climate change;