Biologists and their contributions

• Louis Pasteur- a French chemist and bacterioloist. He was responsible for the development of the vaccines against anthrax, cholera, and rabies. He developed pasteuraization, a process of killing microorganisms by heating, which is now used in the fermentation of milk, beer, cheese, and other products His research on fermentation put an end to the spontaneous generation theory.
• Gregor Mendel- an austrian monk and amateur botanist. He is considered the father of genetics. His experimentation on pea plants led to the understanding of the pattern of transmission of genes from one generation to the next, also known as Mendelian genetics.
• Charles Darwin- A british biologist and explorer. He traveled to the Galapagos Islands (South America), observed living things, and organized his observations, findings, and Ideas into theories. His publication titled On the origin of Species by Means of natural selection became the basis for the theory of evolution.
• Carolus Linnaeus- A swedish scholar, he is responsible for the system of naming and classifying living organisms. He introduced the binomial system of naming organisms, which is also known as binomial nomenclature. The binomial nomenclature has a system of naming living organisms using two Latin or a Latinized word.
• Alexander Fleming- an english physician and bacteriologist. He worked with antibacterial substances and named it lysozyme. His famous contribution to biology is the discovery of penicillin, an antibiotic from a mold species. He won the nobel prize of 1945.
• Rosalind Franklin, James watson, and Francis crick- An english chemist and an American British Duo, respectively responsible for the elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of DNA or the DNA double helix model. their work led to the rapid advancement in molecular biology.
• Frederick Sanger and Walter Gilbert- British American molecular biologists, respectively. They independently developed the DNA sequencing technology. Their work led to the rapid identification of DNA sequences that led to the discovery of genes. They shared half of the nobel prize in 1980
• Georges J.F. Köhler and Cesar Milstein- German and Argentinian immunologists, respectively. They developed the process that produced monoclonal antibodies. Their work made a great impact on the use of antibodies in medicine as diagnostic and therapeutic reagents and in basic and applied research. They won the Nobel Prize in 1984.
• Kary Mullis- an American biochemist. He developed the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a powerful technique used to produce copies of DNA. PCR is now widely used in molecular biology and in the diagnosis of genetic diseases. He shared the Nobel Prize in 1993.
• Benjamin Cabrera- medical doctor and epi-demiologist. His studies on the epidemiology and biology of filarial parasites had contributed to the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of parasitic infections
• William Padolina- a phytochemist and bio-technologist. His pioneering work on the isolation of natural chemicals from plants contributed to the development of this field in the Philippines
• Clara Lim-Sylianco- a biochemist. She worked mutagens, antimutagens, and bio-organic on mechanisms that have now been widely used in the teaching of biochemistry in local colleges and universities.
• Quintin Kintanar- a medical doctor, pharmacologist, and environmental scientist. His research involved the molecular mechanisms of lipoprotein biosynthesis.
• Magdalena Cantoria- a botanist and pharmacologist. Her studies include the morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of several medicinal plants, specifically the Philippine mint and other plants yielding volatile oils and alkaloids.
• Paulo Campos- a physician and educator, and considered the father of nuclear medicine in the Philippines. He initiated the construction of the first radioisotope laboratory in the Philippines that made the conduct of basal metabolism test and radioactive iodine therapy possible
• Alfredo Santos- the father of natural products research in the Philippines. He studied the chemicals found in a variety of medicinal plants.
• Francisco Fronda- a zoologist. He contributed to the development of the poultry industry in the Philippines and in Asia
• Julian Banzon- his studies on agro-industrial wastes as sources of chemicals and fuels led to the development of local industries using the potential energy of some local products, such as coconut and sugarcane.
• Lourdes Cruz- a biochemist who contributed greatly to the understanding of toxic peptides gathered from the venom of fish-hunting Conus marine snails, which she used as biochemical probes for examining the activities of the human brain