PLATE TECTONICS

• Plate Tectonics - the movement of crust or plates which may form earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountains.
• Crust - is made of sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks. It has average density of 2.8 g/cm^3. Its thickness ranges from 5-50 km.
• Mantle - is composed mainly of silicate minerals such as olivine, pyroxene, and feldspar. It has an average density of 4.7 g/cm^3. Its thickness ranges from 2900 to 6300 km.
• Lithosphere - located between the crust and mantle, but still a part of crust.
• Asthenosphere - located beneath the lithosphere where it has softer rocks and more pressure.
• 2 types of crust - Continental and Oceanic
• Continental Crust - thicker but less dense, found in land masses and it is made up of granite
• Oceanic Crust - thinner but denser, found under oceans and it is made up of basalt
• Epicenter - part of the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
• Mountain - landmass that project its surroundings and it is higher than hills.
• Seismograph - an apparatus to measure and record vibrations within the earth and of its ground.
• Seismogram - the recording of the earth's vibration from the seismograph.
• Convection current - causes the plates to move, because it causes pressure while cycling. This is where heat cycles where these gases are combined with the heat.
• 2 types of plate: Primary (larger) and secondary (smaller)
• Primary plates - Pacific, North america, Eurasian, African, antarctic, Indo-Australian, South America.
• Secondary Plates - Juan de Fuca, Nazca, Cocos, Caribbean, Philippine, Scotian, Arabian, indian.
• Mount Everest - highest mountain in the world (29,035 ft)
• Mariana trench - deepest part of the ocean floor (-36,070 ft).
• Cordillera Mountains - largest mountain ranges in the Philippines (320 km)
• Sierra Madre - longest mountain range in the Philippines (backbone of Luzon)
• Mt. Pinatubo - erupted in June 15, 1991, second largest eruption in 20th century.
• Mt. St. Helens - world's famous natural laboratory for study of earth's processes (located in washington)
• 2 Types of origin of earthquake - Tectonic Movement and Volcanic eruption
• Volcanic Eruption is caused by magma rising to surface through volcanoes or fissures.
• Tectonic movement is caused by plate movements such as divergent boundary, convergent boundary, transform fault, and constructive margin.
• Earthquakes are sudden shaking of ground due to release of energy from underground.
• Ring of fire - where active volcanoes are located.