7-12

• are called direct universals because they express the nature of the object


  Predicaments
• Aristotle called them "," which is the Greek term for predicaments


  categories
• . It is that which carries existential actuality and reality by itself and not as part of something else as subject. It is something existing in itself, needing no other thing to exist. It answers the question: "Who or what is this thing?"


  Substance
• . It is the modification of substance as regards the effect of having extended and , measurable parts. It also considers spatial extension, numbers and sizes. It answers the question: "How much or how big or how tall or how heavy?"

  Quantity
• . This refers to the formal modifier of the substance to another. It answers the question: "What kind of thing is it?"

  Quality
• . It is the reference of one substance to another. It answers the question: "To whom or whom does it refer?"

  Relation
• , This refers to the production of an effect from another.

  action
• the reception of an effect from another being

  Passion
• The situation in time

  Timw
• Position in space 


  place
• , I is the disposition of the parts of the substance.

  posture
• . It is the determination of substance as to external appearance, outfit, clothing or ornaments. It answers the question: "How equipped, armed, or dressed?" Examples: clothed in dark suit, wearing office uniform.

  habit
• are called logical universals (Petizanan and Gajete, 20003: 17), because they express a nature common to many.

  Predicables
• refer to the kinds of relations which may be obtained between a term and the subject of which it is predicated. They tell how an idea may be used as a predicate to a subject.

  Predicables
• 1. the predicate that expresses a part of the essence of the subject, which the subject has in common with other members of this same class or group.

  Genus
• It is the predicate that expresses a part of the essence of the thing that differentiates it from other species.

  Specific difference.
• 1. . It is the predicate that expresses the whole essence of its subject or which defines, identifies, or gives the complete set of essentialities of the subject.

  Species
• , It is the predicate that expresses an attribute that belongs to the subject by natural necessity, but not as part of the essence of the subject.


  Property
• . It is the predicate that expresses something that belongs to the subject, not by natural necessity "but by chance"

  Accident
• Exolains a word wo going to the nature of the thing

  Niminak definition
• Expresses the precise meaning of a given word without going into the real nature

  Nominal definition
• This indicates the meaning of a term by showing or pointies at the object. defini by example

  Ostensive definition
• This expresses an equivalent term that is more common

  Synonymous definition
• This gives the origin of the word. Examples: Philosophy

  Rial or essential defininon. A sa

  • philo and sophia meaning love of wisdom.

  Etymological definition
• This tells us what a thing is. It explains the nature of a thing

  Real or (stential

  org

  and the content or idea itself.

  Real or Essential Definition.
• is the mental act of pronouncing the

  agreement or disagreement of one idea with another

  judgement
• is attained only through judgment, and not in the ideas themselves.

  Truth or falsity
• This occurs when the

  expressed agreement or disagreement of two ideas is immediately perceived, either from direct mental analysis of the ideas or from direct experience.

  Immediat judgement
• This occurs when the expressed agreement or disagreement of two ideas is known through a process of inference.

  Mediate Judgement
• (1971: 183) says that in actual thinking, terms and words are combined in many ways to make meaningful statements.

  Werkmeister
• (1973: 92) describes a proposition as an external enunciation in which one concept expressed as predicate is affirmed or denied of another concept expressed as subject.


  Piñon
• (1994: 17), a proposition expressed verbally or in writing what is attained in the mental act is called judgment.


  Jayme
• (2003: 30) define proposition

  as a sentence

  pronouncing

  the agreement or

  disagreement between two ideas that are obtained from judgment.

  Fetizanan and Gajete
• (2000: 27) defines proposition as a declarative sentence, which expresses a relation of affirmation or denial between two terms.

  Gualdo
• (1948: 94) gave the simplest definition of proposition. He said that proposition is a judgment expressed in a sentence.

  Bittle
• (1971: 183) defines a sentence as any combination of words conforming to the syntactical rules of the language employed.


  Werkmeister
• is distinct from a sentence because it carries with it a judgment

  proposition
• is a statement that expresses a judgment,

  proposition
• is a statene

  a.

  Single categorical proposition that consists of one subject and one predic

  Examples:

  that expresses a thought or idea but without judgment.

  sentence
• that indicates whether the proposition affirmative or negative.


  copula