PDHPE Test

• First aid


  The initial help given to someone who has become ill or is injured
• Aims of first aid

  • Promote a safe environment
  • Preserve life
  • Prevent injury or illness from becoming worse
  • Help promote recovery
  • Provide comfort to the ill or injured
• Situational analysis


  1. Observe and identify the cause of the injury and obvious surrounding dangers

  2. Assess the chance of other possible dangers

  3. Identify the resources and first aid equipment available

  4. Notify emergency services

  5. Take precautions to prevent transmitting blood or bodily fluids
• You must NOT become a victim yourself
• Priority assessment


  The first (primary) stage of assisting a casualty
• Priority order (4 B's)

  • Breathing
  • Bleeding
  • Burns
  • Bones
• DRSABCD procedure


  1. Danger

  2. Response

  3. Send for help

  4. Airway

  5. Breathing

  6. CPR

  7. Defibrillation
• Danger


  • Check for danger to yourself, bystanders and the patient
  • Remove hazards before proceeding
• Response


  • Determine the victim's level of consciousness using COWS (Can you hear me? Open your eyes? What's your name? Squeeze my hand)
• Send for help


  • Call 000 or 112 and indicate what type of emergency and provide details
• Airway


  • Tilt the head back and check for foreign objects
  • Clear any foreign objects
• Breathing


  • Look, listen and feel for breathing
  • If not breathing, start CPR
• CPR


  1. Start with chest compressions at 100 per minute

  2. Give 2 rescue breaths
• Defibrillation


  • Use an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available
• AEDs are available in most public places of large gatherings
• STOP regime


  1. Stop

  2. Talk

  3. Observe

  4. Prevent further injury
• First aid scenarios


  • Bushwalking with injured bike riders
  • Football player with knee injury
  • Child fallen from tree and unconscious