Fundamentals of Communication of Networking

• Define Baud rate


  The number of signal changes in a communication medium per second
• A communication medium uses 8 bits per signal and has a Baud rate of 128Bd. What is the medium’s bit rate?


  1024bps (8 x 128 = 1024)
• In which method of data transmission is used for transmitting data over medium to long distances?

  Serial data transmission
• What unit is used for bandwidth?

  Hertz (Hz)
• Define bandwidth


  The range of frequencies that a communication medium is capable of transmitting
• Define latency


  The difference in time between an action being initiated and its effect being noticed
• Define protocol


  A set of rules relating to communication between devices
• Which method of data transmission is suitable for transmitting information in real-time systems?

  Synchronous data transmission
• In which method of data transmission is data sent one bit at a time over a single communication line?

  Serial data transmission
• In which method of data transmission do the sender and receiver synchronise their clocks only for the duration of data transmission?

  Asynchronous data transmission
• In which method of data transmission do numerous parallel communication lines send multiple bits between components simultaneously?

  Parallel data transmission
• What problem is caused by signals from tightly packed communication lines leaking into others?

  Crosstalk
• In which method of data transmission is a clock signal shared between the sender and receiver?

  Synchronous data transmission
• Which method of data transmission is used over short distances?

  Parallel data transmission
• Which communication method is more reliable: serial or parallel?

  Serial
• Which method of data transmission uses start and stop bits?

  Asynchronous data transmission
• In which physical network topology does the failure of one cable not affect the performance of the rest of the network?

  Star
• What name is given to a device communicating on a network that cannot be “seen” by another device that wants to transmit over the network?

  Hidden Node
• Which type of topology refers to the architecture of connections in a network: physical or logical?

  Physical
• In which physical network topology is there no central hub?

  Bus
• What name is given to a wireless local area network that is based on international standards?

  Wi-Fi
• Which type of topology refers to the flow of data packets in a network: physical or logical?

  Logical
• What name is given to the cable which connects all of the clients in a physical bus network?

  Backbone
• What can be used to make a physical star network behave as a logical bus?

  A bus protocol
• In which type of networking between hosts do clients have equal status: client-server or peer-to-peer?

  Peer-to-peer
• In which physical topology does each client have its own direct connection to a central hub?

  Star topology
• Which type of networking between hosts is used by large file-sharing networks and multimedia providers to provide high-performance services without the requirement for a server?

  Peer-to-peer
• Which two pieces of hardware are required in order to set up and use a wireless network?

  1. Wireless Access Point (WAP)
  2. Wireless network adapter
• What is an SSID, and what do the letters stand for?

  An SSID is a name that identifies a specific wireless network. The letters stand for Service Set IDentifier.
• Which physical network topology is expensive to install because of the amount of cable required?

  Star
• For what do the letters RTS/CTS stand?

  Request to Send/Clear to Send
• What do the letters MAC stand for in MAC address?

  Media Access Control
• Define the Internet


  A network of interconnected computer networks which uses an end-to-end communication protocol.
• Which type of malware requires a host file: worms, Trojans or viruses?

  Viruses
• What is an internet service provider (ISP)?

  A company that provides its customers with access to the Internet.
• For what do the letters TTL stand?

  Time To Live
• What name is given to the process of a packet moving from one router to another?

  Hop
• Name three of the primary components of a packet

  Three of:

  1. Sender’s address
  2. Receiver’s address
  3. Packet contents
  4. Time To Live (TTL)
  5. Sequence number
• What device is used between networks that use different protocols?

  Gateways
• In what type of packet control is the content of a packet examined by a firewall: packet filtering or stateful inspection?

  Stateful inspection