Senate Bill 438 & House Bill 5561

• Treaty of Paris - Under this treaty, the United States bought the Philippines from Spain for 20 million USD.
• President Manuel Roxas - During his term, the independence of the Philippines was finally granted on June 04, 1946.
• Jones Act 1916 statute announcing the intention of the United States government to “withdraw their sovereignty over the Philippine Islands as soon as a stable government can be established therein.”
• Jones Act 1916 was superseded by the Tydings–McDuffie Act of 1934.
• Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon or HukBaLaHap was established as a guerilla movement during the second world war.
• Luis Taruc - a Philippine leader of the communist Hukbalahap movement, which was persecuted as a result of their exile by the Americans, instead of recognizing their resistance against the Japanese colonization.
• President Sergio Osmena - Granted amnesty to the HukBaLaHap.
• Partido Komunista sa Pilipinas - disbanded the HukBaLaHap
• When was the presidential election where Osmena lost to Roxas?

  1946
• Why were six of the members of HukBaLaHap, including Taruc who were supposed to to have a position in the congress not allowed to earn their seats when Osmena lost the presidential election?

  Alleged Cheating
• Parity Rights Amendment by Roxas of the 1935 constitution and Bell Trade Act - give fair and just rights to the Filipinos and Americans to utilize the natural resources of the Philippines, and that the Americans can import without tariff.
• President Elpidio Quirino - The Huk Rebellion rose against the government which lasted until his era.
• When did Luis Taruc Surrendered?

  May 17, 1954
• When was the Mutual Defense Treaty signed?

  August 30, 1951
• Mutual Defense Treaty - This was one of the documents that legitimized the presence of US forces in in the country.
• When was The Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty signed?

  September 08, 1954
• What was the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty also known as?

  Manila Pact
• This was headed by the US as an extension to the Cold War in the Southeast Asia.


  Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)