Physics Unit 1

• What is conduction?


  When heat moves from one object to another through direct touch, occurs in solids
• What is convection?


  heat transfer in a fluid in which hot fluid rises and cold fluid sinks, setting up a

  cycle
• What is radiation?


  energy that is radiated or transmitted through space in the form of rays, waves, or particles, occurs in solids liquids and gasses
• How is payback time calculated

  Insulation cost/ annual savings
• How does loft insulation reduce heat loss

  Due to conduction
• How does double glazed windows reduce heat loss

  Through conduction
• What does the P wave represent?


  Primary waves
• What does S waves present

  Secondary waves
• What take of wave is a p wave

  Longitudinal
• What type of wave is a S wave

  Transverse
• What type of wave is a surface wave

  a surface wave is a mix between transverse and longitudinal
• What wave is the fastest in a earthquake

  P waves
• What wave is the slowest in an earthquake

  Surface waves
• What is lag time


  The delay between p waves and S waves arriving
• How does an surface wave travel


  On the surface of the earth, not into the mantle
• How does p waves travel

  Travel through the solid mantle, and can travel through the liquid outer core
• How do S waves travel?

  They travel in a side to side motion, but they can't travel through liquid ( outer core)
• Describe the relationship between pressure and volume(fixed temp)

  When you decrease the volume of a gas the pressure will increase(inversely proportional)
• Describe the relationship between pressure and temperature(fixed volume)

  When you increase the temperature on a fixed volume of a gas the pressure will increase ( directly proportional
• Describe the relationship between temperature and volume(fixed pressure)

  When you increase the temperature of a gas the volume will increase if the pressure remains constant( directionally proportional)
• What temperature is absolute zero

  -273 Celsius
• How is pressure calculated?

  force divided by area
• How to calculate constant

  PV/t
• What is specific latent heat

  The energy needed to change the state of a 1kg mass
• What is magnetic field job

  Shows the area where a magnetic force will be felt.
• What is total internal reflection?


  Total internal reflection is where all the light is reflected inside a material.
• What is the critical angle?

  The angle of incidence when the angle of refraction is 90 degrees
• What are the two conditions required for total internal reflection to occur?

  1- The light must be travelling from a higher optical density towards a lower optical density, for example glass into air.

  2- The angle between the normal and the ray of light must be greater than the critical angle.
• Where is total internal reflection used?


  - optical fibres

  - endoscopy
• State facts about satellites?

  Uses Microwaves

  Faster wave speed (300 000 000m/s) Larger distance = longer delay

  Can communicate anywhere
• State facts about optical fibre?

  Uses Infrared

  Slower wave speed (200 000 000m/s) Shorter distance = small delay Needs a connection to the fibre
• Why do endoscopes use total internal reflection?


  to investigate specific areas of the body.
• What is a transverse wave?


  waves in which the particles vibrate in an up and down motion ( 90 degrees)
• What is a longitudinal wave?

  The wave energy moves parallel to the direction of the vibration
• What is wavelength?


  the distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave
• What is amplitude


  Height of a wave
• What is frequency


  number of waves per second
• What is the equation to calculate wave speed?

  wave speed = frequency x wavelength
• What is a geosynchronous orbit?

  A satellite's period of rotation that coincides perfectly with Earth's rotation
• What is geostationary orbit

  Satellite that remains stationary relative to earth.