Explain how a single base substitution causes a change in the structure of this polypeptide?
change in the sequence of amino acids/ primary structure
change in hydrogen/ ionic/ disulfide bonds
alters tertiary structure
example of evaluation of results:
both variables increase for both groups
no stat test - do not know if differences are significant/ could be due to chance
research did not last long
might not be true for all - population validity
what is a substitution mechanism?
replacement of a base by a different base in DNA
one method of transferring RNAi molecules into cells involves combining these molecules with a lipid. suggest why this increases uptake of RNAi molecules into cells?
_ cell membrane has a phospholipid bilayer and so no channel/ carrier protein needed for uptake
steroid hormones are hydrophobic. explain why steroid hormones can rapidly enter a cell by passing through its cell-surface membrane?
lipid soluble
diffuses throughphospholipid bilayer
suggest an explain why testosterone binds to a specific AR?
has a specific tertiary structure
structures are complementary
The binding of testosterone to an AR changes the shape of the AR. This AR molecule now enters the nucleus and stimulates gene expression. suggest how AR could stimulate gene expression?
AR is a transcription factor
binds to DNA/ promoter
stimulates RNA polymerase
suggest how the production of 'antisense' SUT1 mRNA in type A plants would reduce the expression of the SUT1 gene?
antisense mRNA is complementary to sense mRNA
antisense mRNA would bind/ base pair to sense mRNA forming double-stranded DNA
