Equilibrium

• Le Châtelier’s Principle: if conditions of an equilibrium are changed, the position of equilibrium moves to oppose change
• Temperature: Temperature lowered; equilibrium moves in exothermic direction. Temperature raised; equilibrium moves in endothermic direction.
• Pressure: Pressure raised; equilibrium moves to side with fewest gas molecules. Pressure lowered; equilibrium moves to side with most gas molecules.
• Concentration: Decreasing reactant concentration or increasing product concentration; equilibrium moves to reactant side. Increasing reactant concentration or decreasing product concentration; equilibrium moves to product side.