L4: Tikanga (Part 2)

• Tikanga


  Guidelines, practices, protocols, correct way to behave and perform ceremonial procedures, originating from mātauranga Māori as transmitted through the creation narratives
• Governing concepts of tikanga

  • Whanaungatanga
  • Manaakitanga
  • Aroha
• Cultural concepts that make up tikanga Māori


  • Mana
  • Tapu
  • Noa
  • Utu
  • Mauri
  • Wairua
• Mana


  Prestige, authority, can be described as the creative and dynamic force that motivates the individual to do better than others
• Types of mana


  • Mana tūpuna/atua (inherited)
  • Mana tuku (conferred)
  • Mana whakatupu/whakatipu (accrued/achieved)
  • Mana wahine (the mana of women)
• Tapu


  Sacred, set apart, special, restricted, associated with the atua and the spiritual world, layered
• Types of tapu


  • Intrinsic tapu (comes from the atua)
  • Extrinsic tapu (extension of tapu, can be applied and removed for the safety and wellbeing of people)
• Noa


  Free from restrictions, neutral state, balance, agents of noa: karakia, food, water and women, whakanoa (complements tapu to create balance)
• Utu


  Reciprocity, positive and negative, binding principle, balance
• Mauri


  A life force that binds together the physical and spiritual elements required for them to exist, embedded in living beings from their conception, can be embedded into inanimate objects
• Wairua


  The non-physical spirit, distinct from the body and the mauri, can leave your body, emphasises a deeper connection with the world around us, acknowledging the whakapapa (genealogy) of our surrounding environment, the past and the non-physical
• Te ao Māori is holistic, cyclic and balanced, every action has a consequence and at times requires another action to return to balance
• The concepts provide the reasons and underpin the application for tikanga, provide a glimpse into understanding te ao Māori, and provide a guide for behaviour that are incorporated into practices of tikanga