✭ CVD (topic 1, LHR)

• treatment of cvd

  ACE inhibitors

  calcium channel blockers

  diuretics

  statins

  anticoagulants

  platelet inhibitors
• why is blood clotting important

  rapid blood clotting is vital when a blood vessel is damaged
• what does blood clotting do 


  it seals the break in the blood vessel

  and limits blood loss

  prevents entry of pathogens through any open wounds
• how does blood clotting protect open wounds

  platelets change shape when they come into contact with damaged blood vessel wall , from flattened discs to spheres

  causes them to stick to exposed collagen in the wall and to each other
• role of platelets in blood clotting

  change from flattened discs to spheres with long thin projections

  cell surfaces change

  causes them to stick the exposed collagen in the wall and to each other to form temporary platelet plugs

  they also release substances that activate more platelets
• clotting cascade (Starting)

  1. platelets stick to damaged wall and to each other, forming platelet plug
  2. thromboplastin releases, triggering the clotting cascade
• clotting cascade

  1. thromboplastin is released from damged tissues and from platelets
  2. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin is catalysed by enzyme activated by thromboplastin and presence of vitamin K and calcium ions
  3. thrombin catalyses the conversion of fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin
  4. mesh of fibrin forms and traps more platelets and blood cells
  5. this forms a clot
• Calcium ions


  Essential for enzyme activation in clotting cascade
• Vitamin K


  Needs for enzyme activation in clotting cascade
• Prothrombin


  Converts to Thrombin in clotting cascade
• Thrombin


  Catalyzes conversion of Fibrinogen to Fibrin in clotting cascade