Organic Families

• Functional group of alkanes?

  Carbon-carbon single bonds
• boiling pt of alkanes?

  very low due to weak van der waals forces
• shape of alkanes?


  tetrahedral
• Water solubility of alkanes?

  poor due to no hydrogen bonds forming
• solvent solubility of alkanes?

  poor due to no hydrogen bonds forming
• uses of alkanes


  fuels
• Name first 3 alkanes

  Methan, Ethane, Propane
• Functional group of alkenes

  double carbon-carbon bonds
• boiling pt of alkenes

  very low due to weak van der waals forces
• shape of alkenes


  planar
• water solubility of alkenes

  poor due to no hydrogen bonds forming
• solvent solubility of alkenes

  poor as no hydrogen bonding forms
• uses of alkenes


  fruit ripening
• first 3 examples of alkenes

  ethene, propene, butene
• functional group of alkynes

  triple carbon-carbon bonds
• boiling pt of alkynes

  very low due to weak van der waals forces
• shape of alkynes


  planar
• water solubility of alkynes


  poor due to no hydrogen bonds forming
• solvent solubility of alkynes

  poor due to no hydrogen bonds forming
• uses of alkynes


  welding & cutting
• one example of alkyne


  ethyne
• functional group of alcohols

  R-OH
• boiling pt of alcohols

  high due to hydrogen bonding
• shape of alcohols


  tetrahedral
• water solubility of alcohols

  first 3 alcohols very soluble (hydrogen bonding), solubility decreases with length due to more non-polar carbons
• solvent solubility of alcohols


  very soluble
• uses of alcohols


  ethanol - drinking, solvents
• give four examples of alcohols

  methanol, ethanol, propanol, propan-2-ol
• functional group of aldehydes

  r-CHO
• boiling pt of aldehyde

  dipole-dipole

  not as high as alcohols as can't form hydrogen bonds with one another
• shape of aldehydes


  planar
• water solubility of aldehyes


  first 3 aldehydes very soluble (hydrogen bonding), solubility decreases with chain length due to more non-polar carbons
• solvent solubility of aldehydes


  very soluble
• use of aldehydes


  flavouring agent
• 3 examples of aldehydes

  methanal, ethanal, propanal
• functional group of ketones

  r-COC-r (C double bond O)
• boiling pt of ketones

  dipole dipole bonds

  not as high as alcohols as can't form hydrogen bonds with one another
• shape of ketones


  planar
• water solubility of ketones

  first 3 ketones very soluble (hydrogen bonding), solubility decreases with length due to more non-polar carbons
• solvent solubility of ketones


  very soluble