Cell biology

• What are the two types of eukaryotic cells?

  Animal and plant
• What type of cell are bacteria?

  Prokaryotic
• Where is DNA found in animal and plant cells?

  In the nucleus
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
• What is the function of mitochondria

  Site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell
• What is the function of chloroplasts?

  Contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis
• What is the function of ribosomes?

  Enable production of proteins
• What is the function of the cell wall? 


  Strengthens and supports the cell
• What is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?

  Single loop of DNA
• How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes?

  Electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light, cannot be used to view living samples, are much more expensive, and have a much higher magnification and resolution
• What is the function of a red blood cell?

  Carries oxygen around the body
• Give three adaptations of a red blood cell

  no nucleus, contains a red pigment called haemoglobin, and has a bi-con cave disc shape
• What is the function of a nerve cell?

  Carries electrical impulses around the body
• Give two adaptations of a nerve cell

  Branched endings, myelin sheath insulate the axon
• What is the function of a sperm cell?

  Fertilises an ovum
• Give two adaptations of a sperm cell

  Tail, contains lots of mitochondria
• What is the function of a palisade cell?

  Carries out photosynthesis in a leaf
• Give two adaptations of a palisade cell?

  Lots of chloroplasts, located at the top surface of the leaf
• What is the function of a root hair cell?

  Absorbs minerals and water from the soil
• Give two adaptations of a root hair cell

  Long projection, lots of mitochondria