Mock Exam Revision

• A stereotype is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image, idea or portrayal of a particular type of a person, place, issue or event.​
• Masculine stereotype examples: Men are stronger than women​

  Feminine stereotype examples: Women are too emotional​
• An archetype is

  A very typical example of a certain person or thing​.

  An archetype is an easily recognized type of character that can be found in many stories.​

  An original which has been imitated​.
• A countertype is a positive image or idea that emphasizes the positive features about a person, place or thing and challenges the stereotypes associated to it.​
• Examples of archetypes are the hero, the villain, and the tragic hero.
• Audio-visual media language consists of camera shots, camera angles, camera movements, editing, and sound.
• Arial Shot: A camera shot taken from an overhead position. Often used as an establishing shot.
• Wide long or general  shot​ - A shot that shows the characters and the environment.​
• Medium/Mid shot – the framing of a subject from waist up.
• Close Up – A head and shoulders shot often used to show the expressions and emotions of a character. Also can be a shot of an object, filmed from close to the object or zoomed in to it, that reveals detail.
• Extreme Close Up – A shot where a part of a face or body of a character fills the whole frame/dominates the frame. Also can be a shot of an object where only a small part of it dominates the frame.
• Two shot – A shot of two characters, possible engaging in conversation. Usually to signify/establish some sort of relationship
• Over the shoulder shot – looking at a subject from behind a character’s shoulder.
• Overhead shot – a type of camera shot in which the camera is positioned above the character, action or object being filmed.
• Establishing shot – A shot that establishes a scene, often giving the viewer information about where the scene is set.
• Point-Of-View shot (POV) – Shows a view from the subject’s perspective. This shot is usually edited so that the viewer is aware whose point of view it is.
• Reaction shot – a shot that shows the reaction of a character either to another character or an event within the sequence.
• CAMERA SHOTS: the framing of the subject that indicates the distance between the subject and the camera.
• CAMERA ANGLES: the position of the camera in relation to the subject of a shot. The camera might be at a high angle, a low angle or at eye level with what is being filmed.
• CAMERA MOVEMENTS: the location of the camera with regards the subject that is filmed.
• PHOTOGRAPHY: the different ways of creating an image through the means of the use of lens and composition.
• EDITING: the juxtaposition of shots in order to create meaning.
• MISE-EN-SCENE: the different elements in the staging of a scene.
• Diegetic sound – Sound that can be heard by the characters within a scene. This is sound that is part of the imaginary world.
• Non-diegetic sound – Sound that the characters cannot hear and is not part of the imaginary world of the story.
• Bird’s eye angle – A camera angle from above the subject or object. Often used to make the subject/object unaware of being observed or highlight its vulnerability.
• High Angle – A camera angle that looks down at a subject/object. Often used to make the subject appear small or vulnerable.
• Eye level – The most conventional camera angle, in which the camera stands at the same level as the subject/object.
• Low Angle – A camera angle that looks up at a subject/object. Often used to make the subject appear powerful or dominant.
• Worm eye angle – This is a very low angle shot. A camera angle from below the object. Often used to highlight the power of the object or to make it look bigger than the subject’s view.
• Canted framing (or slanted or oblique) – A camera angle that makes what is shot appear to be skewed or tilted. It conveys uneasiness and awkwardness and emphasises action.
• Pan (horizontal) – Where the camera pivots horizontally, either from right to left or left to right to reveal a set or setting. This can be used to give the viewer a panoramic view, often used to establish a scene.
• Whip pan – a very fast pan between two or more characters all points of interest. It gives the impression that the camera has been ‘surprised’ by activity and is used in the place of a more conventional cut or shot/reverse shot.
• Tilt (vertical) – where a camera scans a set or setting vertically (otherwise similar to a pan).
• Track – a shot where the camera follows a subject/object.
• Crane – A crane shot is sometimes used to signify the end of a scene/ programme /film. The effect is achieved by the camera being put onto a crane that can move upward.
• Stedicam – A steadicam is a stabilising mount for a camera which mechanically isolates the operator's movement from the camera, allowing a very smooth shot even when the operator is moving quickly over an uneven surface.
• A shot filmed with the camera not on a tripod but instead held by the camera man, often whilst walking. This makes the shots 8 seem quite shaky. This can make the audience feel the scene is more realistic, or can make us feel like we are part of the action.