PRACTICE TEST

• Blood is filtered in

  Bowman's capsule
• Water absorption along the nephron is controlled by

  antidiuretic hormone
• Some water, salts and glucose are selectively reabsorbed in

  proximal convoluted tubule
• Counter-current multiplier effect is occurring in

  loop of Henle
• Maintenance of acid-base balance is a function of which portion of the nephron?

  distal convoluted tubule
• Reabsorption of sodium, potassium and chloride at the thick descending limb of the loop of Henle leads to creation of osmotic gradient in


  renal medulla
• Adjustment of tubular fluid composition through selective absorption and active secretion of certain compounds happened in

  distal convoluted tubule
• The osmotic properties of blood and the

  formation of what create an impact on the rate

  of water movement across the capillaries?

  urine


  filtrate
• Obligatory absorption of what is occurring at

  the proximal convoluted tubule?

  water
• Aldosterone effect on the distal convoluted

  tubule leads to decrease excretion of what in

  the urine?

  sodium
• Network of capillaries in the nephrons which

  are essential in the maintenance of osmotic

  gradient

  Vasa recta
• Bladder emptying is under the control of what?

  Parasympathetic nervous system
• Urinary system maintains blood pH through the

  control of hydrogen and what section?

  (DCT)

  Bicarbonate
• Tubular secretion during urine formation

  occurs through this process

  Active transport
• Generation of this leads to enormous degree of

  filtration

  net filtration force
• Parabronchi


  Site of gas exchange in birds
• During quiet breathing in avians, all air moves

  through what?

  Paleopulmonic parabronchi
• Expansion of thoracic cavity as birds inhale

  cause the volume and pressure to

  Decrease
• A process allowing the chick to begin

  pulmonary respiration


  Internal pipping
• Gas flow in neopulmonic parabronchi is

  Bidirectional
• Leakage of erythrocytes from pulmonary

  capillaries in athletic horses could be due to

  increase in pulmonary what?

  Arterial pressure
• Allows diversion of pulmonary blood into well-

  ventilated areas


  ventilation-perfusion coupling
• About 70% of what reaches the lungs?

  Tidal volume
• Underdeveloped respiratory system in

  premature animals often leads to

  lack of surfactant production
• Dissolved readily in body fluid

  nitrogen
• In systemic circulation, decrease in partial

  pressure for oxygen leads to

  Vasodilation
• A potent vasodilator being simultaneously

  released as oxyhemoglobin release oxygen

  Nitric oxide
• Once hydrogen ions are liberated from

  carbonic acid and bound to hemoglobin, this

  results to enhanced release of oxygen and

  BOHR EFFECT
• Signals from this prevent overfilling of the lungs

  Pneumotaxic area
• Changes in the abdominal pressure in birds

  that move air in and out the air sacs are due to

  the movement of

  Diaphragm
• Detect odorants leading to receptor potential in

  olfactory cells

  olfactory cilia
• Produced by olfactory glands which dissolves

  odorants

  mucus
• Smell evokes memories and emotions since

  olfactory area is a part of

  Limbic System
• Gustatory function of what papillae is absent in

  ox

  foliate
• Part of taste cell exposed to the oral cavity

  microvilli
• The initial step for transduction of sweet taste

  involves activation of G-proteins known as


  gustducin
• When the concentration of this ion is at its peak,

  feedstuff acidity occurs

  Hydrogen
• Sodium selective ion channel which initiates

  salty taste can blocked by

  Amiloride
• Umami taste emerged due to the presence of

  what in the diet.

  Amino acid
• Aside from acting as phagocytes, this portion

  of retina stores Vitamin A

  pigmented layer