Chapter 4 - Collective Rights

• Collective Rights


  Given to founding groups of people in Canada, through laws, and treaties (special sections of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms)

  Helps to protect and affirm the identity and needs of the minority
• First Nations, French, and Metis


  Special rights, involved in the founding of Canada
• Affirm


  A policy designed to give special compensation to a previously disadvantaged group
• Francophone


  French-speaking
• Anglophone


  English-speaking
• Numbered Treaties


  Agreement between the Queen of England (on behalf of Canada) and the FN people

  Wanted to live in harmony with Canadians
• Treaties 6, 7, and 8


  Signed in exchange for land in Alberta between 1876 and 1899
• Benefits of Treaties


  Hunting and fishing rights on the First Nation's former land, health care benefits, education provided by the government for FN's children, reserve land, farming assistance (money and tools), payments, and annuities
• Annuities


  Government issued payments to FNs living on reservations
• Indian Act


  Passed without consultation of the FN people- to control the FN people and encourage to assimilate into Canadian culture, give up their status to vote
• Residential Schools


  Run by local churches, took FN children away from their families, homes, and cultures, forced to speak English, wear western clothes and follow a Christian religion

  Students were physically and sexually abused
• Assimilate


  To absorb or become absorbed; to make or become similar
• Ethnocentrism


  Many First Nations want to abolish the Indian Act all together
• Official Language Community


  One of the groups in Canadian society whose members speak an official language of Canada - French or English - as their first language
• Official Language Minority


  Government will provide public schools to meet the needs of Minority Language Groups, are entitled to be educated in their own language
• Bilingualism [section 16-20]


  French and English are the official languages of Canada, can interact with the government in either French or English
• Why Bill 101?


  To protect French culture and heritage in Québec
• Metis


  A person of mixed French-Canadian and Native American ancestry
• Scrip


  Certificates that they could use to exchange for land. Unfortunately, this land was rocky, far away from civilization and often un-farmable, forced them to leave Manitoba and move west
• Red River Rebellion


  Metis, led by Louis Riel, fought for the right to land, education and protection in Manitoba
• Autonomy (self-government)


  1990, allowed them control over their land and their own affairs
• New Brunswick


  Only official bilingual province, has a fairly equal number of Francophones and Anglophones
• Bill 101


  All signs in Québec must be in French, francophone parents and immigrants must send their children to French schools, French becomes language of government, business and everyday life
• 1774


  The Québec Act
• 1982


  Metis were finally recognized as one of Canada's aboriginal peoples
• 1977


  Bill 101