skin

• epidermis


  outermost layer of the skin, serving as a protective barrier against external elements.
• melanocytes 


  that produce melanin for skin color
• Keratinocytes 


  produce the protein keratin, which is the main component of the epidermis.
• Langerhans cells


  prevent things from getting into your skin. immune cells in the skin
• Stratum basale


  deepest layer
• Stratum basale


  actively dividing cells like keratinocytes, melanocytes, and Merkel cells. These cells continuously replenish the upper layers of the skin
• stratum spinosum

  stratum basale and granulosum layers
• stratum spinosum


  consists of keratinocytes held together by sticky proteins called desmosomes. help skin flexible and strong.
• stratum granulosum


  between the stratum spinosum layer and the stratum lucidum layer
• stratum granulosum


  Keratinocytes have granules within them, which are visible under a microscope in this layer.
• stratum lucidum

  between the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum
• stratum lucidum


  transparent layer of keratinocytes that are becoming less round and have a flatter shape.
• stratum corneum


  • Outermost epidermal layer
  • components: Dead corneocytes in a lipid matrix
  • Protective barrier
  • Prevents water loss
• Dermal papillae


  small, finger-like projections of the dermis that extend into the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin.
• Nails


  Hard structures made of keratin
• Sebaceous glands


  Oil glands located near hair follicles. They secrete sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair.
• dermis


  middle layer of the skin

  consists of collagen, elastin, blood vessels, glands, and nerve endings
• Hypodermis


  innermost layer of the skin located beneath the dermis. It consists of adipose tissue and connective tissue, providing insulation, cushioning, and energy storage