Explanations for forgetting: Interference
Cards (6)
- Interference theory for forgettingOccurs when 2 pieces of info conflict w/ each other, resulting in forgetting one or both, or a distortion of memory. Mainly an explanation for forgetting in LTM.
- Interference theory for forgetting 2Types of interference
- Proactive interference (PI)- When an older memory interferes w/ a newer one (calling new partner by an old partners name)
- Retroactive interference (RI)- When a newer memory interferes w/ an older one. (forgetting old phone number when you get a new phone number)
- Interference theory for forgetting 3Effects of similarityMcGeoch and McDonald (1931) studied retroactive interference by changing the amount of similarity between 2 sets of materials. 6 groups of ppts had to learn list of 10 words until recalled w/ 100% accuracy. Then groups each given diff new list: synonyms, digits, no new list, etc.Then had to recall first list- most similar material (synonyms) produced worst recall. Shows interference is strongest when the memories are similar.
- Interference theory for forgetting- evaluationEvidence from many lab studies (thousands). Lab experiments control effects of of irrelevant influences so give us confidence that interference is a valid explanation for forgetting.
- Interference theory for forgetting- evaluation 2Uses artificial materials. Learning a list of words is not a common everyday task. Artificial tasks makes interference much more likely in a lab, so may not be as likely an explanation for forgetting in everyday life.
- Interference theory for forgetting- evaluation 3Supported by real-life studies. Baddeley and Hitch (1977) asked rugby players to remember the names of teams they had played, week by week. Accurate recall depended on how many games they had played since the match they were trying to remember. (could remember team from 3 weeks ago better if they hadn't played since). Shows that interference explanations can apply to at least some everyday situations.