Plumbing Module 1 and 2

• Plumbing


  The art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the supply of liquids, substances and/or ingredients and removing them; and such water, liquid and other carried-wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life and property pipes and fixtures after installation i.e., the 'plumbing system'
• Sanitary work


  Carrying the waste water to the waste disposal system (sewerage system) through plumbing fixtures
• Plumbing and sanitation work plays an important role in the construction of a building
• Plumber


  One who works or engages in the business of installing in buildings the pipes fixtures and other apparatus for bringing in the water supply and removing liquid and waterborne wastes
• Categories of plumbers based on their grades of experience


  • Apprentice plumber
  • Journeyman plumber
  • Master plumber
• Points a plumber must consider before starting work

  • Water supply system
  • Plumbing fixtures and pipes
  • Sanitary and drainage system
  • Rainwater drainage system
  • Plumbing drawing and their uses
• Birth of the plumbing practice in the Philippines traced back

  17th Century
• Filipino plumbers assigned task of maintaining, repairing and/or remodeling plumbing systems in all "pueblos" or towns

  18-19th Century
• Plumbing took a great leap with the arrival of the Americans

  20th Century
• Plumbing trade duly recognized by the government

  1902
• National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines (NAMPAP) organized

  1935
• Republic Act No. 1378, the "PLUMBING LAW OF THE PHILIPPINES" signed


  1954-1955
• National Plumbing Code of the Philippines promulgated and approved

  January 28, 1959
• Curriculum for Plumbing Engineering approved and introduced at Feati University


  1966-1969
• First Amendment to the National Plumbing Code approved

  November 28, 1967
• NAMPAP spearheaded the updating of the Revised National Plumbing Code


  1996
• Revised Plumbing Code of 1999 adopted and approved


  December 21, 1999
• Plumbing system


  Includes all potable water supply and distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps; all sanitary and storm drainage systems; vent pipes, roof drains, leaders and downspouts; and all building drains and sewers, including their respective joints and connections; devices, receptacles, and appurtenances within the property; water lines in the premises; potable, tap, hot and chilled water piping; potable water treating or using equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters and vents for same
• Components of plumbing system

  • Water supply and distribution system
  • Sanitary drainage and disposal system
  • Storm drainage system
  • Plumbing fixture
  • Fire and protection system
  • Fuel and gas piping system
• Water supply and distribution system

  System carries water from the water source, street main or a pump to the building and to various points in the building at which water is used
• Types of water supply

  • Cold water supply
  • Hot water supply
• Water


  Plays an important part in the plumbing system, providing water is one of the most critical utility requirement, "Universal Solvent"
• Sources of water


  • Rainwater
  • Ground water
  • Natural surface water
  • Wells
  • Pumps
• Rainwater


  • Water is soft & pure and is suitable for the hot water supply system
  • Only a source during the wet season
  • Storage becomes a breeding place for mosquitoes
  • Roofs may not be clean
• Ground water


  • Usually has an abundant supply
  • Requires less treatment because of natural filtering
  • May have organic matter & chemical elements usually treatment is suggested
• Natural surface water


  • Usually easy to acquire and in large quantities
  • Used for irrigation, industrial purposes and, when treated, for community water supply
  • Contains a large amount of bacteria, organic, & inorganic substances; Purification & treatment is necessary
• Types of wells


  • Shallow well
  • Deep well
• Types of wells (according to method of construction)

  • Dug wells
  • Driven wells
  • Bored wells
  • Drilled wells
  • Jetted wells
• Classification of pumps


  • Reciprocating pumps
  • Centrifugal pumps
  • Turbine pipe
  • Submersible pump
  • Jet (Ejector) pump
  • Piston pump
  • Sump pump
• Uses of water


  • Nourishment
  • Cleansing and hygiene
  • Ceremonial uses
  • Transportational uses
  • Cooling medium
  • Ornamental element
  • Protective uses
• Centrifugal Pump


  Contains an impeller mounted on a rotating shaft. The rotating impeller increases the water velocity while forcing the water into a casing thus converting the water's velocity into higher pressure.
• Turbine Pump


  Has a vertical turbine located below groundwater levels and a driving motor located at ground.
• Submersible Pump


  Is basically a centrifugal pump complete with electric motors which are positioned under water in a suitable bored hole that delivers the water to the surface.
• Jet (Ejector) Pump


  Are centrifugal pumps typically used for drawing water up from a well.
• Piston Pump


  Is a positive displacement reciprocating pump in which a plunger is driven backwards and forwards, or up and down by a mechanical working head.
• Sump Pump


  Used in applications where excess water must be pumped away from a particular area.
• Uses of Water


  • Nourishment
  • Cleansing and hygiene
  • Ceremonial uses
  • Transportational uses
  • Cooling medium
  • Ornamental element
  • Protective uses
• Physical Properties of Water

  • Surface Tension - The ability to stick itself together and pull itself together
  • Heat Absorption/Capacity - The ability to absorb heat without becoming warmer
  • Capillarity - The ability to climb up a surface against the pull of gravity
  • Dissolving Ability - Known as the "Universal Solvent"
• Water Treatment and Purification

  1. Aeration - Water is sprayed into the air to release any trapped gases and absorb additional oxygen for better taste

  2. Coagulation-Flocculation - Process by which small sediment particles which do not settle well combine together to form larger particles which can be removed by sedimentation

  3. Sedimentation - Suspended solids are removed from the water by gravity settling and deposition

  4. Filtration - Water is passed through layers of sand and gravel in concrete basins in order to remove the finer suspended particles

  5. Disinfection/Chlorination - Method of introducing a controlled amount of chlorine to the water in order to attain a desired degree of disinfection
• Overhead Tank/Gravity Supply Tank


  Does not have any pressure concerns but relies on gravity to supply water to fixtures below. Used in overhead feed system.