covalent bonding

• what happens when non metals bond?

  they share pairs of electrons to make covalent bonds
• what causes electrostatic forces for a covalent bond?

  the positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms are attracted to the shared pair of electrons making them very strong
• how many extra electrons does a covalent bond provide?


  1 extra
• what are the tree ways to draw covalent bonds?

  -dot and cross diagram

  -the displayed formula

  -3D model
• adv and disad of the dot and cross diagram for covalent bonds?

  adv-show which atoms the electrons in a covalent bond come from

  disad-don’t show relative sizes of atoms or how atoms are arranged in space
• adv and disad of displayed formula?

  adv-show how atoms are connected in large molecules

  disad-don’t show the 3D structure of molecule, don’t know which atoms in covalent bond the electrons have come from
• adv and disad of the 3D model?

  adv-shows atom, covalent bonds and their arrangement next to each other

  disad-can get quickly confusing in large molecules, don’t show where electrons in the covalent bond have come from