indian wars

• Little crows war happened in 1862
• sand creek massacre occurred in 1864
• Sand creek massacre- war on the southern plains was sparked by the discovery of gold at Pikes Peak in Colorado in 1859.Thousands of miners travelled west had issues with the plains Indian tribes who began attacking them in 1861 as it was their land due to the treaty being broke.On 29th november 1864 1,00 men attacked a cheyanne village at sand creek.Over 150 men killed and mutaited.
• Little Crow's War is the name of an attack by a band of Dakota Sioux, led by Little Crow, against the agency in charge of their reservation and white settlers in the surrounding area
• The Dakota Sioux had been given inferior farm land by the government, which meant their crops failed. The government also failed to make agreed payments to the tribe, leaving them to starve.- Little crows
• 700 white settlers and soldiers were killed by Little Crow's war band. As a result, the US Army sent soldiers to subdue the Sioux. 300 tribe members were sentenced to death, of whom 38 were hanged. The rest of the tribe was moved to the Crow Creek Reservation, where many starved. Any of them found outside the reservation were scalped for a bounty.
• The Battle of Wounded Knee (or the Wounded Knee Massacre) was the final battle in the wars between the US Army and the Sioux.
• The Battle of Wounded Knee was between the Sioux Indians, led by 'Big Foot', and the 7th US Cavalry.
• The Battle of Wounded Knee happened on the 29th December 1890.
• The US Cavalry were sent to disarm the Sioux and arrest their leader, Big Foot. One of them resisted, and the soldiers opened fire. Over 250 Sioux and 25 troopers were killed.-Wounded kneww
• The Battle of Wounded Knee took place at Wounded Knee Creek on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, in the US state of South Dakota.
• Red Cloud's War was fought by the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes, against the US Army.
• Red Cloud led the Sioux against the US Army during Red Cloud's War. This included inflicting the Fetterman Massacre, which was the most serious defeat of the US Army until the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
• Red Cloud's attacks lasted from 1866-1868.
• The attacks happened around the Bozeman Trail in Wyoming.
• In 1862 there was Gold Rush in the Rocky Mountains. The Bozeman Trail was created, leading to new mining towns. Red Cloud believed it was an illegal road, which broke the Fort Laramie Treaty. The Cheyenne and Arapaho had been moved to a smaller reservation than they had been promised.
• The Sioux began attacking travellers on the Bozeman Trail. Peace talks took place, but when the US Army built forts along the Bozeman Trail to protect settlers, Red Cloud walked out. The Sioux then laid siege to the forts and attacked US soldiers. Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse brought the Cheyenne and Arapaho into the war.
• There were 4 important consequences of Red Cloud's War.

  • ❖The war ended with the Second Fort Laramie Treaty in 1868.
  • ❖The US Army closed the forts on the Bozeman Trail.
  • ❖The Great Sioux Reservation was created.
  • ❖The Sioux agreed not to attack travellers, on the condition that no permanent white settlements were built on their land.
• The Battle of the Little Bighorn took place at the Little Bighorn River, in Montana Territory.
• The Battle of the Little Bighorn was fought between an alliance of Sioux, Cheyenne and some Arapaho, against the US Federal Army commanded by George Armstrong Custer.
• The Battle of the Little Bighorn took place on 25th and 26th June, 1876.
• There were 2 main reasons for the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

  • ❖In 1875, gold was discovered in the Black Hills of South Dakota. This led to an influx of gold miners, which broke the Second Fort Laramie Treaty. The US government did nothing to stop the prospectors.
  • ❖The US government offered to buy the Black Hills from the Sioux. As this was sacred land, the Sioux refused.
• There were 2 main reasons for the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

  • ❖In December 1875, Sioux and Cheyenne people refused an order from the US government to return to their reservations. Instead, they joined Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse in Montana.
  • ❖Some Sioux began attacking the miners and other settlers. The US Army was sent to the area to protect the settlers, and to force the Sioux and Cheyenne back to their reservations.
• Little Bighorn showed the Native Americans' power: they had achieved their greatest victory. However, outraged over the death of a popular Civil War leader, the US government fought back.