gcse ocr Geography - ethiopia case study

• what are ethiopia’s main exports?


  coffee, tea and spices

  oilseeds

  trees, plants, cut flowers

  clothing
• what is a TNC


  transnational company
• what do the TNCs bring into ethiopia

  money, materials and expertise
• advantages of TNCs


  large companies provide employment and trading of skills

  modern tech produced
• disadvantages of TNCs


  can exploit the low wage economy and avoid paying local taxes

  environmental damage may be caused
• ethiopia has a rapidly growing population of around 115 million growing at 2.5% per year
• birth rates are decreasing and life expectancy is increasing
• agriculture dominates economy with 68% of employment in agriculture and 85% of exports
• why is the tertiary sector growing


  because it is driven by tourism
• heathcare and education has improved as a result of what?


  government investment and overseas investments
• what percentage of children are enrolled in primary school 


  98% (was 50% in 1990)
• what is the literacy rate of ethiopia


  51%
• infant morality dropped as it went from 97/1000 to 45/1000
• 68% of children vaccinated with 89% living nearby to a doctor
• Ethio telecom runs ethiopias telecommunications infrastructure and is the largest telecommunications company in Africa
• lack of competition leads to patching network, especially in rural areas
• in 2018, 15% had Internet access and 25% owned mobile phones
• ‘Oxfams goat aid’ gives young girls a pair of goats to breed and produce a flock
• goats produce milk leading to cheese where the surplus milk and cheese can be sold to buy clothes education etc
• what is the capital of ethiopia


  addis ababa
• ethiopia is the tenth largest african country by area
• ethiopia is the second most populated country in africa
• Ethiopia is a landlocked country located in the centre east of Africa and is boarded by six other countries
• Ethiopia is boarded by Sudan, Kenya, Eritrea, South Sudan, Somalia, and Dijibouti
• what are ethiopias three distinct climatic regions

  western highlands, central area, eastern lowlands
• rainfall is unreliable and can lead to prolonged periods of drought, particularly in eastern lowlands
• in the 1980s, ethiopia suffered from severe drought and famine
• in the wetter and cooler western and central regions, food production is high
• western highlands

  • wettest region with one long rainy season
  • may - october
  • average 1200 - 2000mm rain yearly which is good for crops
• eastern lowlands

  • two rainy, two dry seasons
  • rainy - june - september
  • dry - december - february
• central area

  • two rainy seasons, one dry season
  • 25° - 40°
  • drier and hotter temperatures
  • 400-800mm of rain yearly
• ethiopia’s economy is slowly growing in wealth since 2005 however significantly less wealthy than sub-saharan africa and other LIDCs globally
• what are ethiopias main imports


  machinery

  aircrafts

  electrical machinery

  pharmaceuticals

  iron and steel