PMLS LAB FINALS

• WHAT ARE THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PHLEBOTOMIST?

  1. Supervision of specimen ordering
  2. Strict identification of patient
  3. Communication with the patient and safety
  4. Preparation of the patient
  5. Schedule of collection
  6. Phlebotomy apparatus
  7. Transport of specimen to the laboratory
  8. Processing of specimen
• VENIPUNCTURE


  It is defined as the process of collecting or drawing of blood from a vein
• WHAT ARE THE TWO WAYS OF COLLECTING BLOOD THROUGH VENIPUNCTURE?

  1. OPEN SYSTEM
  2. CLOSED SYSTEM
• WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF EVACUATED TUBE SYSTEM?

  1. Require few steps
  2. Chance of contamination is avoided
  3. Tube is filled by vacuum
  4. Blood flow automatically stops when the vacuum also stops
• OPEN SYSTEM


  Use of needle and syringe (for small, fragile, or weak vein)
• CLOSED SYSTEM


  Use of evacuated tube system (ETS)
• VENIPUNCTURE THROUGH SYRINGE


  Most common way to collect blood
• MEASUREMENT OF BLEEDING TIME


  It is principally a test of the interaction between the platelets and the blood vessels
• CLOTTING TIME MEASUREMENT


  It is usually requested with bleeding time as among the pre-operational or coagulation therapy procedures
• WHAT IS THE FINAL AIM OF CLOTTING REACTION?

  The final aim of clotting reaction is the FORMATION OF FIBRIN
• PROLONGED COAGULATION TIME IS OBSERVED WITH?

  • presence of circulating anticoagulants
  • deficiency of coagulation factors like V, VII, VIII, IX, and X
• BLEEDING TIME MEASUREMENT


  It may also be performed at the patient’s bedside by trained phlebotomist
• WHAT ARE THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN THE LABORATORY?

  1. Abiding by isolation practices
  2. Wearing proper PPE
  3. Observing proper hygiene
  4. Properly using safety devices
  5. Placing collection trays close by
  6. Correctly packaging specimens
  7. Labelling and cushioning specimens for transport
  8. Reporting all accidental exposure to need-stick and starting post exposure prophylaxis when needed
• THE TESTING OF LABORATORY BLOOD SPECIMEN IS ESSENTIAL TO WHAT?

  • To correct diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of the condition of the patient
• HOW MANY PERCENT WERE THE DATA GATHERED FROM THE RESULTS LAB EXAMINATIONS ARE USED BY HEALTH PHYSICIANS TO DETERMINE RIGHT TREATMENT FOR PATIENTS?

  70%
• WHAT ARE THE BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS RISE EXPOSURE IN THE LABORATORY?


  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
  • Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
  • Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
• HOW TO LABEL TUBES?

  • Patient's Name
  • Identifying No.
  • Date of Collection
  • Time of Collection
  • Phlebotomist's Initial
• CENTRIFUGATION


  It is the process of spinning down or separating the cells from the liquid portion of the blood
• ALIQUOTING


  It is the method of dividing or separating specimens into separate containers
• BLOOD FILMS/BLOOD SMEARS


  It is made by thinly spreading blood across a glass slide for hematological evaluation and investigation of blood cell morphology
• WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF BLOOD SMEAR PREPARATION

  1. Wet Preparation
  2. Dry Smear Preparation
• WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF DRY SMEAR PREPARATION

  1. Thin Smear
  2. Thick Smear
• WET PREPARATION


  • The cells are suspended in fluid and they remain whole and free
  • It is used to detect microfilaria in night blood specimens and for sickle cell preparation
• BLEEDING TIME DETERMINATION


  It is prolonged due to either a decrease in platelet count or the presence of a functional platelet disorder
• WHAT ARE THE TESTS THAT IS NOT ELIGIBLE TO CAPILLARY BLOOD COLLECTION

  • Coagulation studies
  • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
  • Blood cultures
  • Other tests that require large volume of blood