Networking

• Network


  A group of interconnected nodes or computing devices that exchange data and resources with each other
• Wired Network


  • Devices connected via cables
• Wireless Network


  • Devices connected via Wi-Fi
• Node


  Any device that can receive or send data (e.g. mobile phones, printers, scanners, modems, laptops)
• Network Operating System (NOS)


  An operating system that provides features such as file sharing across the network, along with a communication scheme that allows different processes on different computers to exchange messages
• NOS


  • A computer running a NOS acts autonomously from all other computers on the network, although it is aware of the network and is able to communicate with other networked computers
• NOS


  • Specialized operating systems designed for managing and facilitating communication between devices on a network, distinct from regular operating systems, focusing on file sharing, printer access, and security in a client-server model
• Remote Access


  A function of NOS that allows users to securely connect to a network from a remote location
• Remote Access


  1. ssh otavie@192.x.x.x -p 2222

  2. User enters login name and password

  3. User gains access to remote system
• Remote File Transfer


  A function of NOS that provides a mechanism for remote file transfer from one machine to another
• Cloud Storage


  A service model that allows data to be stored, managed and accessed over the Internet
• Network Services/Resources


  • File Sharing
  • Printer Access
  • Email Services
  • Storage
  • Processing Power
  • Bandwidth
• Network Types


  • Local Area Network (LAN)
  • Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
  • Wide Area Network (WAN)
  • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
  • Personal Area Network (PAN)
  • Storage Area Network (SAN)
  • Campus Area Network (CAN)
  • Virtual Private Network (VPN)
• LAN


  • Connects computers over a relatively short distance, allowing them to share data, files, and resources, typically privately owned and managed
• WLAN


  • Just like a LAN but connections between devices are made wirelessly
• WAN


  • Connects computers over a wide area, such as from region to region or even continent to continent, typically with collective or distributed ownership models for management
• MAN


  • Typically larger than LANs but smaller than WANs, owned and managed by cities and government entities
• PAN


  • Serves one person, sharing and syncing content across their devices
• SAN


  • A specialized network that provides access to block-level storage - shared network or cloud storage
• CAN


  • Also known as a corporate area network, larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, serving sites such as colleges, universities, and business campuses
• VPN


  • A secure, point-to-point connection between two network end points, establishing an encrypted channel to keep a user's identity, access credentials, and data transferred inaccessible to hackers
• Network Topology


  • Bus Network
  • Ring Network
  • Star Network
  • Mesh Network
• Bus Network


  • All nodes connected directly to a central cable (backbone), data sent up and down the backbone until it reaches the correct node
• Ring Network


  • Each device connected to two other devices, forming a ring for signals to travel around, each packet travels in one direction until the destination device receives it
• Star Network


  • Each device has its own cable connecting to a switch or hub, hub sends every packet to every device, switch only sends to the destination device
• Mesh Network


  • Nodes connect to as many other nodes as possible, providing greater fault tolerance as nodes cooperate to efficiently route data, self-configuring and self-organizing to find the fastest, most reliable path
• Network Protocol


  The set of rules and standards that define how data is sent and received in a network
• Network Architecture


  The design and structure of a network, which defines how devices or systems are connected and communicate

  
• Network Architecture Models


  • Client-Server Model
  • Peer-to-Peer Model
• Client-Server Model


  • Clients request services or resources, servers provide them
• Peer-to-Peer Model


  • Each device or node can act as both a client and a server, sharing resources and services directly with other peers