EOY GEO GRADE 9

• Population


  All the persons inhabiting a country, city, or other specified place. Population refers to the total number of beings living in a particular area.
• How to calculate population


  Most countries find their population by using a census
• Birth Rate

  The number of live births per thousand of population per year
• How to calculate Birth Rate


  (Births per year/total population)*1000
• Death Rate


  The number of deaths in a specified period per 1000 population
• How to calculate Death Rate


  (Deaths per year/total population)*1000
• Natural Increase


  The difference between the number of live births and deaths, generally calculated over a year
• How to calculate Natural Increase

  BR-DR (Birth Rate - Death Rate)
• Fertility Rate


  Average number of children born to women during their reproductive years
• For the population in a given area to remain stable, an overall total fertility rate of 2.1 is needed, assuming no immigration or emigration occurs
• Life Expectancy


  The number of years a person is expected to live based on the statistical average
• Life expectancy varies by geographical area and by era
• Population Distribution


  How people are scattered/arranged/spread out in a given area. It also means the pattern of where people live.
• Population Density


  A measurement of the number of people in an area
• How to calculate Population Density

  Population/Land Area in square miles
• Difference between Population Density and Distribution

  Population distribution refers to the pattern of where people live, whilst to population density which is a measurement of the number of people in an area
• The world's population is unevenly distributed
• Places which are sparsely populated contain few people. Places which are densely populated contain many people.
• Four major population clusters

  • Eastern Asia (China and Japan)
  • Western Europe
  • Southern Asia (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh)
  • North Eastern USA and Canada
• Approximately 90% of the world's population lives in the northern hemisphere (approximately 60% is in China and India)
• Majority of the world's population live along the coasts
• Physical Factors affecting population distribution

  • Presence of minerals and energy
  • Relief/topography
  • Climate
  • Vegetation (biotic)
  • Fertile Soils
  • Water supplies
• Social and Economic Factors affecting population distribution

  • Social Issues (Under population, traditional practices)
  • History
  • Diseases and Pest
  • Government policy (regional scale e.g. brazil)
  • Political stability
  • Development of industrial complex
  • Infrastructure and transportation
• Relief/Topography


  • Persons prefer to live in areas with flatland, as it is easier to live on and easier to build/construct on
• Fertile Soil


  • Persons prefer to live in areas with fertile soil as it is easier to grow/cultivate crops on
• Water Supply


  • Persons prefer to live in areas with fresh supply for domestic purposes, irrigation, transport, and food (e.g. fish)
• Climate


  • Persons prefer to live in warm climates (Temperate or Tropical, majority of the Earth live 30° North and South of the Equator)
• Presence of Minerals


  • Persons prefer to live in areas with an abundance of minerals for the creation of jobs, housing schemes, and overall development
• Vegetation


  • Persons prefer to live in areas with little to no vegetation as it is less expensive to clear land that way
• Political Stability


  • Persons prefer to live in areas that are politically stable with no political civil unrest and are democratic
• Infrastructure and Transportation


  • Persons prefer to live in areas with good infrastructure and road networks so that people, goods and services can move from one point to another
• Development of Industrial Complexes

  • Persons prefer to live in areas with different industrial complexes, for job creation and employment
• Pests and Disease


  • Persons prefer to live in areas with good health care facilities and good patient to doctor ratio
• Choropleth Map


  A map that shows population density
• Advantages of Choropleth Map

  • Easy to read, Easy to make comparisons
• Disadvantages of Choropleth Map

  • A poorly designed shading system can make small spatial differences seem large and vice versa, It suggests that there is an abrupt change in population density at the national boundary, Hides concentrations of populations within each unit area which implies that distribution is even (on a microscale)
• Dot Map


  A map that shows population distribution
• How Dot Map represents Population Distribution

  • By using sample dots to represent a given number (e.g. one dot = 100 people), By using dots varying in colour and size
• Advantages of Dot Map

  • Simple to construct, Values can be placed precisely, Strong visual impact, Easy to read, Allows for personnel to associate the number of dots with the number of people
• Disadvantages of Dot Map

  • The selection of dot value is critical, Wrong visual impressions may be given by choosing too high or too low a dot value, If values vary widely the map can become rather confusing unless proportional circles are used to represent the highest values, Constructing maps are time consuming, Difficult to count large numbers