LEAD PART1

• POLITEIA


  Greek word which means government of the city
• POLITIA


  Roman word which means condition of the state or government
• POLICE


  French word which was later adopted by the English language
• ORGANIZATION


  • A group of persons working together for a common goal or objectives
  • A form of human association for the attainment of a goal or objective
• ADMINISTRATION


  Activities higher level focusing on developing plans, processes and policies, establishing goals and objectives
• MANAGEMENT


  Fulfill those objectives according to the policies determined by administration
• POLICE ADMINISTRATION


  • Setting up of objectives and plans, and internal operating efficiency of the police organization
  • Otherwise known as police in action
• POLICE MANAGEMENT


  Administrative activities of coordinating, controlling and directing police resources, activities and personnel
• POLICE ORGANIZATION


  A group of trained personnel in the field of public safety administration
• THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE

  • HOME RULE THEORY
  • CONTINENTAL THEORY
• HOME RULE THEORY


  • Policemen are regarded as servants of the community, who rely for the efficiency of their functions upon the express needs of the people
  • Policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the preservation of public peace and security
• CONTINENTAL THEORY


  • Policemen are regarded as state or servants of the higher authorities
  • The people have no share or have little participation with the duties nor connection with the police organization
• CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE

  • OLD CONCEPT
  • MODERN CONCEPT
• OLD CONCEPT


  • Police service gives the impression of being merely a suppressive machinery
  • This philosophy advocates that the measurement of police competence is the increasing number of arrests, throwing offenders in detention facilities rather than trying to prevent them from committing crimes
• MODERN CONCEPT


  • Regards police as the first line of defense of the criminal justice system, an organ of crime prevention
  • Police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number of crimes
  • Broadens police activities to cater to social services and has for its mission the welfare of the individual as well as that of the community in general
• POLICING


  • It is identified by its relation with the potential use of force in ensuring obedience to law, within the rule of law
  • Is the act of the law enforcement officer to ensure that law and order is maintained in a particular area or event, using the police or military force or to ensure that rules and procedures are followed correctly in something or that something is implemented as agreed
• ANCIENT LAW ENFORCEMENT

  • THE SUMERIANS
  • THE BABYLONIAN
  • ANCIENT EGYPT
  • ANCIENT GREECE
  • ANCIENT ROME
• THE SUMERIANS


  The earliest records of ancient people's need to standardized rules and methods of enforcement to control human behavior dates back to approximately 2300 B.C., when the Sumerian rulers LIPITHSTAR and ESHUMMA set standards on what constituted an offense against society
• THE BABYLONIAN


  • The Code of King Hammurabi (2100 B.C.) during the time of Babylonian King Hammurabi, he established rules for his kingdom that designated not only offenses but punishment as well
  • The principle of the code was that "the strong shall not injure the weak. Hammurabi originated the legal principle of LEX TALIONES - the eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth doctrine
• ANCIENT EGYPT


  • The early Egyptians established laws and courts and a rudimentary rule of law. The first accounts of a developing court system originated in Egypt in approximately 1500 BC
  • The court system was presided by judges appointed by the pharaoh. They later organized marine patrols and custom houses to protect commerce
• ANCIENT GREECE


  • The Greeks had an impressive law enforcement called the EPHORI. Each year at Sparta, a body of Ephors was elected and given almost unlimited powers as investigator, judge, jury and executioner. These five men also presided over the Senate and Assembly, assuring that their rules and decrees were followed
  • PLATO, who livedfrom427to 347 BC, came the idea that punishment should serve the purpose other than simple retaliation
• ANCIENT ROME


  • The 12 TABULAE (12 table) were the first written laws of the Roman Empire. It deals with the legal procedure, property ownership, building codes, marriage customs and punishment for crimes
  • At the reign of Emperor Augustus, he created the Praetorian Guard, which consisted of about 7000 men/ soldiers to protect the palace and the City of Rome, together with the Urban Cohorts to patrol the city
  • He also created the so-called Vigiles who were assigned as firefighters and eventually given law enforcement responsibilities. As the first civilian police force VIGILES sometimes kept the peace very ruthlessly, hence the word vigilantes
  • Another event was the time JUSTINIAN I, ruler of the Eastern Roman Empire (A.D 527 to 265) who collected all Roman Laws and put it into his Justinian code- they become known as the CORPUSJURIS CIVILIS which means body of law