resistance training

    Cards (42)

    • benefits of resistance training:
      • improves muscle strength and tone to prevent joint injury
      • increase muscular performance
      • muscular control
      • increase cognitive activity
      • reduce signs or chronic illness
    • reps: the number of times you continuously repeat each exercise in a set
    • rep max: the highest load an individual can lift for one single repitition
    • sets: a group of repitition performed without rest
    • resistance (weight): the use of resistance to muscular contraction to build strength
    • rest: time between sets to allows muscles to recover
    • speed: the speed you should raise and drop the weight to avoid injury
    • spotter: ensures the exericise is done correctly and can aid in lifting weight when necessary
    • strength: the ability of the muscle to exert force. absolute strength is the max amount of weight can be liften only once
    • power: refers to how quickly a force is generated in the muscles can be applied. the main emphasis is the speed of contraction
    • muscular endurance: the ability of muscles to resist fatigue, meaning to be able to contract and relax for extended periods of time
    • resistance training for power:
      • resistance: medium - 60-80%
      • reps: 3-6
      • sets: 2-6
      • speed: fast
      • rest: 3-5 min
    • resistance training for strength:
      • resistance: heavy 80-100%
      • reps: 3-6
      • sets: 3-6
      • speed: slow
      • rest: 3-5 min
    • resistance training for endurance:
      • resistance: medium - 40-60%
      • reps: 15-30
      • sets: 2-10
      • speed: medium
      • rest: 1-2 min
    • upper and lower split - refers the muscle groups worked above and below the waist, trained on different days
    • if you use upper/lower split training, what days should you rest?
      after 2 consecutive working, wednesday, saturday, and sunday
    • optimal upper body workout:
      • horizontal push, eg. bench press
      • horizontal pull, eg. rows
      • vertical push, eg. overhead press
      • vertical pull, eg. lat pulldown
      • accessory movements, eg. dip, push ups
    • muscles involved with dumbell press - deltoid anterior, triceps, pectorals
    • muscles involved with barbell chest row - trapezius, teres minor/major, rhomboideus
    • muscles involved with dumbbell overhead press - deltoid anterior/lateral, triceps, serratus anterior
    • muscles involved with vertical pull up - biceps, latissimus dorsi, deltoid posterior
    • the weight of the person is the determining factor of how much more weight is pulled during pull up, rather than lat pulldown.
    • dumbbell incline bicep curl is more effective than other curls - as it restricts movement of back, making the exercise redundant
    • core and base stability is imperative to isolation exercises
    • how an exercise is performed determines what muscles are activated to perform the movement.
    • main goals of lower boy training: targets legs in order for strength, muscular endurance and muscle building
    • more efficient lower body exercise + barbell back squat, as it targets major muscle groups - quads, hamstrings, glutes
    • romanian deadlift muscles- hamstrings and glutes
    • romanian deadlift:
      • set bar high in the rack below lock out
      • set hips before pulling the bar to avoid hyperextension
      • unlock knees
      • lead with hips backwards
    • muscles involved with bulgarian split squat - quads, hamstrings, glutes
    • to minimise the muscle imbalance of hamstring, focus on the function/action and the whole body. use machines to avoid muscle bias and compensation.
    • concentric training - as the muscle gains tension, it shortens to generate force to move an object
    • eccentric training - as the muscle gains tension, the muscle lengthens to produce force
    • advantages to isotonic training
      • greater cardiovascular health
      • improved joint stability and flexibility
      • higher bone density
      • improved body composition
    • disadvantages to isotonic training
      • strength building can be ineffective
      • higher risks to injury during weighted training
      • weight is fixed to not match the variation of the expression of force by the muscle
      • costs of equipment
    • isometric training is when the muscle gains tension but there is no movement in the muscle. it operated at a constant speed against a weight or resistance, including gravity. the muscle does not change length and the joint does not move
    • examples of isometric exercise: plant, wall sit, glute bridge, leg extension, pull up and hold, wall press, scapular retraction
    • advantages to isometric training
      • gains muscular endurance
      • maintain muscular strength
      • tones body by targeting major muscles groups
      • improve muscular strength in one specific position
      • beneficial to arthritic patients as strength gains without rigorous movement
    • disadvantages to isometric training
      • limits strength gain
      • angle specific and can be easily done improperly
      • restrict blood flow and can cause sharp rises in blood pressure
      • won't improve speed or athletic performance
      • may aggravate joints
    • isokinetic training exercises are performed at a constant speed using specialised equipment that adjusts the resistance to match the user's force applies throughout the entire range of motion. ensures the maximum engagement, good for rehabilitation from injury