Chem unit

• What is matter?

  •  anything that has mass and takes up space
  • made up of atoms and molecules
• Physical properties of matter

  A Physical Property of a substance is a characteristic or description of the substance that may help to identify it.
• Physical properties observed in matter

  A Physical Property of a substance is a characteristic or description of the substance that may help to identify it.  
• The states of matter are Solid, Liquid, and gas
• Hardness:

  • Resistance of a solid to being scratched or dented
• Malleability:

  • Ability of a metal to be hammered or bent into different shapes
  • Example: Aluminum foil is easily bent
• Ductility:

  Ability of a metal to be pulled into wires
• Melting and boiling points:

  • Temperature at which substances change state
• Crystal form:

  • The solid form taken by many minerals. Each mineral usually takes a characteristic pattern
• Solubility:

  • The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent
• Viscosity:

  • How easy a liquid flows
  • Example: Corn syrup is more viscous, water is less viscous.
• Density:

  • The amount of matter per unit volume
• Conductivity:

  • If a substance is able to conduct heat or electricity.
  • Conductor – able to conduct
  • Example: most metals, copper is very good
  • Insulator – has little or no conductivity
  • Example: styrofoam, glass
• Chemical properties of matter:

  A Chemical Property of a substance describes the behaviour of a substance as it becomes a new substance
• Combustibility:

  • The ability of a substance to react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy
  • Ex: Gasoline is very combustible or flammable. Water is nonflammable.
• Reaction with acid:

  • The ability of a substance to react with acids to produce a gas
  • Example: Zinc reacts with acid to produce bubbles of gas.
• Other examples include:

  • Absorbs heat during reaction
  • Forms gas when heated
  • Reacts with water
  • Emits heat during reaction
  • Emits light during reaction
  • Forms a precipitate (solid) in a solutio
• Density:

  Density is a physical property of matter

  • Each substance has its own density and many substances can be identified by their densities
• Density:

  • a measure of how closely packed the particles are in a substance
  • the amount of matter a substance has in a certain space (how much mass is contained per unit of volume of a substance)
  •  A substance with a low density feels “light” and will float in a substance with a higher density.
  •  A substance with a high density feels “heavy” and will sink in a substance with a lower density.
• Density equation:

  The equation for density is:

  Density (D) = Mass (m)

  Volume (V)
• Guess method:

  Use GUESS method:

  G-given (state what you are given in the question)

  U-unknown (state what you are trying to find)

  E-equation (write the equation and sub numbers in)

  S-solve (calculate your answer)

  S-statement (write out your answer in a full sentence)
• Particle theory:

  • All matter is made of very tiny objects called particles.
  • There are spaces between the particles.
  • The particles in a substance attract each other.

  The particles are moving.
• Definitions:

  Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space

  Pure Substance – made of only 1 kind of particle (molecule)

  Mixture – made of 2 or more different kinds of particles
• Heterogeneous mixtures:

  Suspensions

  • tiny particles

   of one substance are held within

  another
• Mechanical

    Mixtures

  • different substances

     are visible
• Solutions:

  • looks like one 

   substance
• Elements:

  • simplest form
  • cannot be broken 

   down
• Compounds:

  • made of 2 or more 

   elements 

  • can be broken 

   down chemically