All immune cells are produced by multipotent stem cells found in the bone marrow
Other Non-specific cells (Cytotoxic cells)
Eosinophils - defend against large parasites by positioning against parasite and discharging destructive enzymes
NK (natural killer) Cells - destroy viruses, infected body cells or abnormal cells, it does so by attacking cells membrane causing it to lyse
Basophils and Mast cells produce heparin (anti-clot) and histamine which are involved in allergic reactions
Histamine (and ‘help me’ prostaglandins) had the following effects:
Neutrophils attracted to the site of an injury, and capillaries become more leaky so that more neutrophils and tissue fluid are squeezed out of the capillaries
Area will swell with tissue fluid and as more formed in the lymphatic capillaries; transporting pathogens to lymph nodes where many macrophages are stored
The macrophages in the lymph nodes will phagocytose the pathogens; result hot, red, swollen, and painful also pus produced is the dead neutrophils
Complement (approx 20 separate proteins) directly attacks, attaches to the pathogen using a cascade system causing opsonisation (cells stick together) and attracts neutrophils and macrophages
Interferon (INF, [alpha], [beta], [gamma]) is secreted by virus infected cells, reduces mRNA production in cells and activates many immune cells, like T cells/lymphocytes
Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) produced by activated macrophages and reduces blood flow to surrounding tissue
