Lesson 2 - Centralized Machine (Pg. 28-so on)

• Why was the Spanish Colonial Government considered weak?

  1. Officials were appointed and not elected
  2. Frequent conflict between officials
  3. The church is more powerful than the state
• He showed sympathy to the natives, hence he was replaced


  Governor General Ramon Blanco
• Because of the friars' campaign against Blanco, he was replaced with who?

  Camilo Garcia de Polavieja
• Monarchy gave the right to claim tribute and labor from the acquired territory to individuals or groups

  Encomienda System
• Brought suffering especially to the natives whose economic yield was only enough to sustain their daily needs

  Tribute System
• Also known as polo y servicio


  Forced labor
• All males aged 16-60 who had the capacity for labor were obliged to render a 40-day service to the government for their projects such as infrastructure

  polo y servicio or forced labor
• They can be spared from forced labor if they pay?

  falla worth 1/2 reals
• Responsible for tax collection

  alcaldia
• It was a document issued by the Spanish Colonial Government to allow traders to enter the Galleon Trade

  Indulto para commerciar
• They could be both administrator and judge

  alcalde mayor or provincial mayor
• this branch of the colonial government who serves as administrator

  civil government
• colonial official whose task was judicial

  alcalde mayor
• who was framed up by her brother's wife and two local officials?

  Dona Teodora
• Their task is to evaluate the governor general by the end of his term

  Residencia
• Where they send the Visitador-General in the colonies unannounced

  Visita
• They send the Intendant General to oversee all other lower offices

  Intendencia
• Based on the mandate of the King, they were mandated to educate the indigenous in the name of Christianity

  Catholic Church
• In 1565, they built the first school in Cebu

  Augustinian Friars
• The friars first established the first school in?

  Cebu in 1565
• They were the first teachers of the colonial period

  Friars
• Instrument to control the natives

  education
• He said that the Philippines was even fortunate because some colonies from Europe and America were not given the same education

  Henry Frederick Fox
• In 1863, through the ___ the public school system was founded

  Education Reform Decree
• Which ages were given free education and obliged to attend school?

  7 to 13 years old
• With the Education Reform Decree, which school was established?

  Escuela Normal de Maestros or School for Teachers
• The colonial schools, besides religion, taught what?


  mathematics, physics, history
• Education during the Colonial Government was only until?

  Elementary
• Men were given priority in?

  Tertiary Education
• Women were preferred to be in?

  Vocational Courses
• They usually experience discrimination from their classmates

  Indigents
• Most colonial-era schools were under the hands of?

  the Church
• They challenged to make the Philippine Education System secular

  Governor General Carlos Maria de la Torre, and Overseas Minister Segismundo Moret
• They challenged to make the Philippine Education System secular by which decree?

  Moret Decree
• The Moret Decree was hindered by?

  Dominican Procurator of Madrid, Fray Francisco Rivas
• Who wanted to address the abuses and deficiencies of the Spanish Colonial Government?

  Padre Palaez, Gomez, and Burgos