Lesson 02 - Pyramid the Social Structure p. 20 - 22

• Peninsulares - refer to the Spaniards born in the Iberian Peninsula, they were made up of government officials and the frats. 
• Lower than the peninsulares are the _________ or _____creoles. 

  insulares or creoles. 
• Insulares - refer to the Spaniards born in the Insula or the colonial islands such as the Philippines.
• Mestizos - refer to people of different ancestral origins. 
• The three different types of mestizos:

  • the mestizo de sangley 
  • the mestizo de Espanyol 
  • the tornatras
• Mestizo de Sangley - were those of Chinese descent
• Mestizo de Espanyol - were of Spanish blood
• Tornatras - mixed Spanish and Chinese origins. 
• The illustrados - literally translated as the enlightened, was the term used for the educated few. 
• The principalias - were the noble class before the arrival of the Spaniards. 
• The low tier was composed of the indigents, also popularly known as indios. 
• The descendants of the Indonesians and Malays who were the first inhabitants of the islands of an archipelago later on coined the Philippines.

  Indios
• Juan Mercado - the grandfather of Rizal
• Most of the recognized mestizos ended up marrying the ___________. And because they were of wealthy influence, most of them, or their children, became illustrados.


  Principales
• Pyramid- Social discrimination was evident because of it.
• Mestizo de sangley - mostly abusive and repulsive against the indios.