The 19th Century Philippine Political System p. 22-27

• They comprise the political system of the 15 Century Philippines.

   Central Government, Nation Government, and Local Government
• The national government is subjected to the central government and the local government is subjected to both the national and the central
• These are what make up the Central Government:

  The Spanish Monarch, The Royal and Supreme Council of the Indies, The Viceroy of Nueva Espana, and the Ministerio de Ultramar.
• Spanish monarch, the highest civil authority, was headed by a ____ or _____.

  king or a queen.
• King Philip II - the Spanish king at the time of the Philippine colonization by Legazpi in 1565. He was also to whom the Philippines was named after by Villalobos, back when he was still known as Prince Philip of Asturias. 
• The queen who declared the 1863 Educational Decree,

  Isabela
• Was the ruler during the beginning of the Philippine fight for independence from Spain.

  Alfonso XIII
• The Royal and Supreme Council of the Indies - They were the appointed territorial administrators outside of Spain, known as the Indies. Their job was to turn into official laws the decisions and legislations regarding the territories of Spain, which was collectively called the Laws of the Indies.
• (The Royal and Supreme Council of the Indies) The usual heads of this council were _______ or _______.

  priests or clerics.
• The Royal and Supreme Council was established in 1524 by King Carlos V, which lasted only until 1834 after Maria Christina, regent and mother of Queen Elizabeth II, abolished it.
• Viceroy of Nueva España - The ruler of the kingdom of Nueva España, including the Spanish territories in North America, South America, Asia, and Oceania, as a representative of the King
• The Viceroyalty of Nueva España was established on

  August 18, 1521
• he Philippines was looked after by the viceroy from ____until Mexico and other territories of Central America declared independence in 1821.


  1565
• The viceroy at the time of the colonization in 1565.

  Francisco Ceinos
• Ministerio de Ultramar or the The Ministry for Overseas Territories 


  The department that gave mandates, on behalf of the king, towards the remaining territories of Spain after Mexico and other territories gained independence.
• Before Ministerio de Ultramar was established, the administration of the territories were under the 


  Ministry of the Navy
• The Minesterio de Ultramar was abolished and its power was taken away on April 20, 1899.
• Who established the Maura Law.

  Don Antonio Maura
• Maura Law - became the path to the reorganization of the local government, making it more autonomous and effective.
• National Government - This was the direct administrator of the colonies.
• The Captaincy General - is a constituent of the Viceroyalty that oversees threats to colonization from other nations, or if the established colonies have not yet been pacified.
• The Captaincy General of the Philippines was under the governance of the Viceroyalty of what country?

  Mexico
• What was Spain's center of administration called?

  Spanish East Indies
•  Spanish East Indies - were the territories covering the Philippine islands,
• Powers held by the Captain General

  • Executive power
  • Legislative power
  • Judicial power
  • Ecclesiastical power
• Who led the expedition that conquered the Philippine Islands

  El Adelantado Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
• Rafael Maria de Aguilar y Ponce de Leon - ruled the beginning of the 19th century Philippines.
• Carlos Maria de la Torre


  Known for being liberal and who brought the idea of liberalism to the Philippines
• Narciso Claveria y Zaldua


  Issued a mandate that citizens of the Philippines be given surnames
• Rafael de Izquierdo


  Ruled at the time of the Cavite Mutiny
• Fernando Primo de Rivera

  Temporarily halted the revolution by establishing the Pact Biak-na-Bato with Aguinaldo who favored reform
• Emilio Terrero - was loathed by the friars and who became instrumental to the non-banning of Rizal's novels 
• Eulogio Despujol - also a liberal and under whose term Rizal was exiled to Dapitan
• Ramon Blanco - expressed the intention to have a dialogue with the revolutionaries for the sake of peace but ironically put the provinces of Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Pampanga, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas, and Nueva Ecija under Martial Law.
• Camilo Garcia de Polavieja - arranged and oversaw the court martial regarding the execution of Rizal.
• Basilio Augustin - under whose term Philippines was sold by Spain to the United States.
• The Archbishop/Bishop of Manila- Ruled the Roman Catholic Diocese of Manila after its establishment as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Mexico in 1579, until it became the Archdiocese of Manila in 1595. 
• Bishop or archbishop - a ruler of the local church which holds the highest authority in his diocese, he responded to no other authority except for the Pope.
• First Bishop of Manila - Dominican friar Fray Domingo de Salazar. 
• He showed much greater political influence compared to the Governor-General. 

  Dominican Archbishop of Manila, Bernardino Nozaleda y Villa