1. Pulmonary imaging - Cox

• Pulmonary edema will manifest with interstitial edema - showing what on x-ray?

  septal or Kerley lines
• Kerley lines occur when?

  pulmonary capillary wedge pressure reaches 20-25 mmHg
• Pulmonary edema - airspace filled with fluid will decrease air volume
• What is the most common cause of consolidation in x-ray?

  pneumonia
• airspaces filled by fluid start to opacify or consolidate
• What is gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism?

  CT pulmonary angiogram
• **what is used to diagnose interstitial lung disease?

  High resolution CT (HRCT)
• What description is used to describe interstitial disease causing opacification?

  ground grass

  
• What can be used to evaluate bronchoalveolar ventilation to perfusion (V/Q) ratio?

  Scintigraphic evaluation with medical isotopes
• Scintigraphic evaluation with medical isotopes is used for what type of disease?

  • pulmonary embolism
  • pulmonary function
• Fluoroscopic assessment diaphragmatic motor function

  • detect abnormal diaphragmatic movement
  • such as Phrenic nerve palsy