hydrocarbons +frac dis

• what is a polymer ?


  A polymer is a large molecule made up of repeating subunits called monomers.
• what is a monomer ?

  A monomer is a molecule that can join together with other molecules to form a polymer.
• what bonds do polymers form ?

  Covalent bonds
• how you draw a polymer ?

  n is how many times the unit repeats - you must draw lines going through the brakets

  
• what is polymerisation ?

  when monomers join to form a polymer
• what is an alkane ?


  A hydrocarbon with only single bonds.

  
• what is an alkene ?


  A hydrocarbon with a carbon-carbon double bond.

  
• compare the properties of alkanes and alkenes ?

  Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds and are relatively unreactive. Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with one double bonds, making them more reactive. This difference in bonding leads to varied physical properties and reactivities between the two classes of compounds.
• what is the formula for alkanes ?

  CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
• what is the formula for alkenes ?

  CₙH₂ₙ
• The repeating The repeating unit of poly(chloroethene ) is shown on the right what is the molecular formula of poly(chloroethene) ?
• The repeating The repeating unit of poly(chloroethene ) is shown on the right what is the molecular formula of poly(chloroethene) ?

  H Cl

  I I

  - C - C -

  I I

  H H

  (C2, H3 , Cl)n
• predict with reasoning whether diamond or poly(ethene)has a higher melting point

  To melt diamond you have to break the covalent bond between atoms which are very strong but to melt poly (ethene) you only have to break the weak intermolecular forces which evidently takes less energy making diamond have a higher melting point
• what is an allotrope ?

  a different structural form of the same element
• what are nanotubes used in ?

  Nanotechnology
• what is a hydrocarbon ?

  A compound made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms.
• what is a homologus series ?

  A series of organic compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties.
• what are the first 4 alkanes ?

  Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane
• what are the first 4 alkenes ?

  Ethene, propene, butene, pentene
• how do the properties of hydrocarbons change as they get longer ?

  1)less runny more viscous

  2)higher boiling points (less volatile)

  3)less flammable(the shorter the more flammable)

  4)used to make roads (bitumin) wheras short are used as gasses to burn for fuel
• how is crude oil made ?

  plankton die and fall to the bottom of the ocean -> compressed by sediment -> over millions of years under high temperature and pressure crude oil is formed
• what is a non renewable fuel ?

  a fuel that is finite
• give me 3 examples of non renewable fuels ?

  Oil, coal, natural gas
• what is crude oil made up of ?

  a mixture of hydrocarbons (mostly alkanes)
• in craking a long chain hydrocarbon is split into what ?

  shorten chain hydrocarbon + alkene
• decane is cracked what are the products?

  any combo of shorter alkane + alkene

  eg: octane +ethene
• what are the conditions for cracking ?

  high pressure , catalyst , high temp